10 candidates go on stage in Houston

For the first time, the debate on the Democratic presidential elections of 2020 was limited to only 10 substitutes, which meant that they competed on a single stage the same evening in Houston on Thursday.

Voters finally had the chance to see leaders like former Vice President Joe Biden, Senators Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Bernie Sanders of Vermont face off – and we checked all the statements of the candidates in real time.

See all the complaints and the facts below.

"There are more than 3,000 jurisdictions in America where children have more than twice as much lead in their blood as Flint, Michigan," said Booker.

This is true, according to studies published in recent years.

A Reuters 2016 analysis of lead test results in the United States found that nearly 3,000 neighborhoods with lead intoxication rates among children were at least twice as high as those in Flint. Reuters continued its analysis until 2017, and an updated study published that year revealed that this number had risen to more than 3,800.

Does the majority of firearm deaths occur in urban areas?

"The majority of homicide victims come from neighborhoods like mine," said Booker, referring to his home in Newark, NJ, during a discussion on gun violence.

That's true. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the 2015-2016 period, 63% of firearm homicides occurred in a metropolitan area.

According to Kamala Harris, 30 million people are not insured in America?

"Currently, 30 million Americans do not have coverage," Harris said about the state of health care in the United States on Thursday night.

This is especially true. The Census Bureau released data this week that 27.5 million people were not insured for the whole of 2018, while an additional 10.6 million reported receiving poorer health care. all year round. The number of uninsured Americans has increased from 2017.

Download the NBC News app for full coverage of the Third Democratic Debate.

Has America lost 4 million jobs due to NAFTA and trade relations with China, as Sanders claims?

Sanders said the effects of NAFTA, combined with the effects of granting the status of "permanent normal trade relations" to China, often called PNTR, cost the state 4 million jobs. -United.

"Joe and I strongly disagree on the trade. I've been helping to lead the opposition, NAFTA, the PNTR, which has cost our country over 4 million high-paying jobs, "said Sanders about the company. 39 opinion of Biden.

This seems to be true, according to several reputable analyzes. As NBC News's Carrie Dann reported in February during President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, job losses from NAFTA tend to be overestimated – but a major study found that more 850,000 jobs had been displaced by the pact.

According to Robert E. Scott of the Labor-Friendly Economic Policy Institute, about 851,700 American jobs were lost due to the US trade deficit with Mexico between 1993 (shortly before the implementation of NAFTA) and 2014. This is one data point cited by Sanders during his investigation. Campaign 2016, when he often decried job losses due to NAFTA. (However, other studies have shown that job losses are much lower.)

According to studies, with regard to the granting of PNTR status to China, which President George W. Bush had officially granted in 2001 after China's entry into the World Trade Organization, job losses in the United States were more important.

The Congressional Non-Parliamentary Research Service wrote in 2018, citing a 2014 study from the Institute of Economic Policy, that "the growth of the US goods trade deficit with China between 2001 and 2013 has eliminated or displaced 3.2 million US jobs (three quarters of them in the manufacturing industry). ). "

If you add the figure 851,700 with the figure 3.2 million, you will see a figure that is close to the figure 4 million that Sanders mentioned Thursday night.

Does the US spend twice as much on health care as "any other big country in the world"?

"Let's be clear Joe, in the United States of America, we spend twice as much per capita on health care as Canadians and all other major countries in the world," Sanders said Thursday.

Overall, this statement is exaggerated. The United States is actually spending more than double their health care spending in Canada, but the country does not spend twice as much as "any other big country in the world."

The United States spends $ 10,586 per capita on health care, according to data from the Intergovernmental Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). That's twice as much – or more – per capita in health care than many other countries, but not all. Switzerland, for example, pays $ 7,317 per capita. The United States also far exceeds countries like Russia, which spends $ 1,514 per capita on health care.

Obama has not put people in cages, as Biden claims?

"Comparing [Obama] for the president we have is scandalous, number one. We did not lock people up in cages, we did not separate families, we did not do all those things, "said Biden, defending the Obama administration's record on immigration after a question about evictions.

Biden is half right. The Obama administration has arrested people in cage-like structures and has been criticized by activists. Last year, Democratic activists circulated pictures of children in fenced-in chain spaces during an attack on President Donald Trump. The audience then realized that these photos were from 2014.

Biden is right to say that the Obama administration has not separated families as a policy. The Obama administration has detained entire families together, while the Trump administration decided last year to detain children, including infants and young children, without their parents, leaving other children to watch them and sometimes losing track of their parents.

Would Biden's health plan leave $ 10 million uncovered?

"The problem with your plan is that it leaves 10 million people discovered," Julian Castro said in Thursday's debate, criticizing Biden's health proposal.

This is mainly true, according to the text of Biden's plan. His plan estimates that expanding the Affordable Care Act would provide "more than 97% of Americans", according to estimates.

An estimated 327 million people live in America; 3% of the population is about 10 million inhabitants. Estimates of the number of non-citizens vary and it is difficult to say how Biden's proposal would affect immigrant communities, which could change these numbers. Still, Biden said he wanted to give everyone a chance to be covered.

Do three gun control bills wait "on Mitch McConnell's desk", as Amy Klobuchar claims?

Klobuchar criticized Senate Majority Mitch McConnell for his inaction on gun control measures, saying the Kentucky Republican currently had three bills on his desk: 47. "

That's true – but all three bills face an uncertain, even gloomy fate in the GOP-controlled Senate.

In February, the Democrat-controlled House passed a law removing the "Charleston Fault", which authorizes the sale of a firearm if a background check is not completed within three days. It was a loophole that allowed Dylann Roof to obtain his weapon with which he murdered nine people at Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015.

In March, the House passed a bill to expand the background check for the purchase of weapons to purchases made at gun shows, online sales and other private sales. And in April, the House voted to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act with new wording that would remove the so-called "boyfriend loophole". Under the current law, it is illegal for spouses or former spouses who have been convicted of abuse are under the restraining order of buying a firearm. But the law does not apply to legally married romantic partners.

Are African-Americans almost four times more likely to be incarcerated?

Booker, speaking of a "wildly broken" criminal justice system, said, "African Americans are almost four times more likely to be incarcerated" than other Americans.

He is right. In fact, it's more than four times when it comes to white Americans.

According to the NAACP, African Americans are incarcerated more than five times more than whites. And according to an analysis conducted in 2018 by the Sentencing Project, a nonprofit criminal justice research and justice group, African Americans are 5.9 times more likely to be incarcerated than whites.

According to Biden, Bernie Sanders' health care plan would cost double the federal budget. Is it true?

By contrasting his health care plan with Sanders' "Medicare For All" plan, Biden said, "My health plan costs $ 740 billion, but not $ 30 trillion. that $ 3.4 trillion a year is twice as much as the entire federal budget, that is, before it exists now, with no interest on the debt. "

Biden's calculation is disabled. While Medicare for All could cost $ 3.4 trillion a year, according to one estimate, the federal budget is larger: in 2018, the federal budget was $ 4.1 billion, including $ 300 billion. in interest.

In addition, Biden's campaign estimates the cost of the candidate's plan at $ 750 billion over a decade, while the cost of Sanders' plan is estimated at $ 32 trillion or more over a decade.

Is Medicare for All cheaper than the current system?

Sanders, in the midst of a controversial debate over "Medicare for All" with Biden and Warren, said that "every study done shows that" Medicare for All "is the most cost-effective approach to providing medical care. every woman, man and woman, child in this country. "

This is not true Some studies show that Sanders' plan is a more cost-effective alternative to the current system, but even more so says the opposite. Sanders' Medicare for All plan would insure 28 million more people. So it would be a huge selling point if it was also cheaper than the current system.

But of five major Medicare for All studies examined in detail by the New York Times, only two revealed that overall health care spending would be lower than current costs. In addition, if the plan were implemented, there may be important variables that could affect the calculations.