Describe the seven universal moral rules according to the largest and most comprehensive study of its kind – 03/10/2019

A study by anthropologists from the University of Oxford, UK, on ​​60 cultures around the world describes what they think they are. seven universal moral rulesin what constitutes the largest and most comprehensive intercultural survey ever conducted.

These rules are help the family, collaborate with the group, give favors, be courageous, respect the superiors, allocate resources fairly and respect the properties of others, Reported Europa Press today.

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Previous studies had badyzed some of these rules in various places, but none had evaluated them in a large number of societies, such as the one published in Current Anthropology.

The Oxford Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology team badyzed the ethnographic ethics accounts of 60 societies, including more than 600,000 words from over 600 sources.

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The debate between universalists and moral relativists "has lasted for centuries, but we now have some answers: people all over the world are facing the same set of problems and are using a similar set of moral rules to solve them," said Oliver Curry, lead author and principal investigator of the Institute.

For researchers, it has been proven that morality theory has evolved to promote cooperation and that, since there were many types of cooperation, there were many. According to this theory of "morality as cooperation", the selection of parents explains why we feel obliged to take care of our families and hate incest.

Mutualism explains why we form groups and coalitions (there is strength and security in numbers) and, therefore, why we attach importance to unity, solidarity and loyalty. . Meanwhile, social exchange explains why we trust others, we give favors, we feel guilt and gratitude, we repair and we forgive.

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And conflict resolution explains why we engage in costly demonstrations of dexterity, such as courage and generosity, why we respect our superiors, why we divide disputed resources fairly and why we recognize the property of others.

Research first revealed that these seven cooperative behaviors were still considered morally good. Secondly, they found examples of this in almost every society, and, above all, there was no contrary case: none considered them morally wrong.

And thirdly, these behaviors have been observed with equal frequency on all continents; they were not the exclusive property of "the West" or any other region. Among the Amhara of Ethiopia, "the rejection of family obligations is considered a shameful deviation, indicating a perverse character". In Korea, there is an "egalitarian community ethic of mutual badistance and cooperation among neighbors and strong solidarity within the group". Among the Maasai, "those who cling to the virtues of war are still highly respected", while the Bemba manifest "a deep respect for the authority of the elders".

"We hope this research will help promote the mutual understanding between people from different cultures; an appreciation of what we have in common, and how and why we are different, "concluded Curry.

Source: Telam

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