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An entrance door and an exit chimney. It is the hell of Luciano Marson, an Italian from the deep conurbano to whom history has pbaded.
"I was therehe says, and he is grateful to have the health and courage that allowed him to stand at the age of 18 at the place where he had entered, an iron gate with a sentence fused with blood and fire: "Work makes you free"
The hell that Marson recalls today, at the age of 92, is the Dachau concentration camp, the first created by the Nazi regime. For 12 years, they crossed their 32 barracks and about 200,000 prisoners, among Jews, homobaduals, communists and gypsies. Some 40,000 people died of cholera, typhus, malnutrition or were executed directly. The place had two crematoriums. Marson, a fearless young man of partisan resistance, was saved by chance, which summarizes in a pair of shoes, a piece of coal and a lie.
With the medal of honor. The Italian government paid tribute to Marson in 2018. Photo: Guillermo Rodriguez Adami
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"When I arrived at the concentration camp in February 1945, the hooves that had been distributed to all the prisoners were finished, which is why they left my shoes, but a capo of the pavilion where we were sleeping. happened in my offered to exchange them for 5 slices of bread. I accepted, but instead of 5, he only brought me 3 servings, which helped me strengthen the diet for a few days, "he recalls, his eyes shining like coins in silver.
He added: "Soon, I had diarrhea and I knew that if I was sick, it was a dead man." they were broken by bombs, I caught a piece of coal that I found among the granite stones. I hid it in my pocket and ate it at night when I got to the barracks. So I healed and started to "smuggle" pieces of coal for a Sicilian who was cleaning the pavilions in exchange for more bread."
Back to the barracks 8. Marson, in 1965, when he went to Dachau to visit the place where he had been a prisoner. In the concentration camp, there were 32 barracks: he was sleeping at number 8.
Marson searches the vast storehouse of his memory and now explains the lie that saved his life: "One day, they drew up a list of the 25 prisoners who had to report to the exit door of the concentration camp. but I hid and did not arrive at the time. When I did, they were gone. None of them came back"
Dachau was inaugurated in March 1933, shortly after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor. It was built in what was an ammunition factory during the First World War, 16 kilometers from Munich, and was the prototype of the Nazi concentration camps.
"Dachau was really hell," insists Marson, sitting in the living room of his apartment in Monte Grande. A ray of sunshine penetrates the balcony and bounces on the medal hanging from the pocket of the bag, at the height of the heart. "It's a recognition of the honor given to him by the Italian government last year," says his wife, Antonieta, with a falling eyelid. From the kitchen, his three children follow the story in silence, as they heard him for the first time. But no. The tablecloths of the family are dotted with these memories carved with hacks.
The day of liberation, in Dachau, April 29, 1945. "I'm part of this crowd," said Marson.
"At age 16, I was a volunteer of the Italian Resistance to defend my country from the German occupation.They took me prisoner on the day of my 18 years and sent me into a Italian jail near my town, in Udine, where I stayed 14 days.A day a jailer came and took several people to shoot them, but I was saved as a train to L '. Germany had 20 free places. The Germans were very mathematical, they wanted 50 people in each wagon, neither one more nor one lessThat's why they came to get us in jail and they told us: & # 39; You are lucky, you will work in Germany& # 39;. We were in the car for four days without eating anything or taking anything. When we arrived, they all lowered us naked. Eyelashes. We were destined for forced labor, "he says, his voice wrinkled by the years.
Here he slept. Marson shared his bed with two other prisoners. "We could not move," he says. No bunk had mattresses. No blankets or anything.
Marson was hit by Barracks Number 8. And she stopped calling Marson to become a number, 142.184.
The first night, he had trouble sleeping although he tried to escape in the silence of the dream. They forced her to enter a three-story bunk without a mattress. He had to share his wooden bed with two other prisoners. "We could not move," he says without dramatizing anything, it's not his style.
In writing. The book that Luciano Marson began writing about his days in Dachau.
The next day, he continues, they went to a medical examination: they separated the Jews, the old, the sick and the miners. "They almost took them all, they did not come back … we only stayed what they thought was the most skillful at work … They came to get me every morning at 7 am to take a Train that went directly to Munich Station took about half an hour, I repaired the tracks and, if I was good, they gave me permission to sit down. At noon to eat a slice of bread, the train returned at six o'clock. In each car, we traveled 50 prisoners, with three guards and a dog. We did not even think about trying to escape. At night we always had soup, a lot of soup. It was the only liquid we had ingested all day because the water was contaminated. "
Marson is now silent. Then he pulled out his lips: "Do you know how they told us that they were preparing soup?" He asked softly, almost in a whisper. "With testicles of homobaduals …", he replies shaking his head, as he tried to free himself from this fear.
Free The day American soldiers arrived at the concentration camp, they found 32,000 prisoners in a place that could hold 6,800 inmates. They also found 7,400 corpses.
To die in Dachau was easier than to live. Many have done in their arms: "I do not remember the names of all the dead, but the last words they uttered before closing their eyes: they talked about the mother and the homeland"
The one who could not say anything was his bed partner, a Russian from another concentration camp. One morning he woke up dead in this human tailor box that they shared, crammed together. He had slept next to him as he did every night, but with wet clothes… because, in this hell, describes Marson, he was working and sleeping in the same striped suit, and if it was raining, there was no spare room. There was also no shelter for cold days. No blankets. Nothing "I did not report his death immediately so he could keep his piece of bread in the morning and his sweater", he admits as if he was proud to be alive among so many dead.
After liberation, military service. Marson drinks at the canteen in 1947.
"Yes, I had the courage to want to liveHe said, "I never thought I would die, I wanted to go home," he insists, and for the first time, he leaves a tear on his cheek. of concentration and have released all those who are mutilated from life, they do not forget it anymore. It was April 29, 1945, exactly at 4:30 pm.. He first heard the roar of a plane flying at low altitude, then cannon shots and bombs. Gradually, the prisoners began to emerge from the shadow of the barracks towards the central courtyard: they were about 32,000 in a place that had a capacity of 6,800 inmates. US soldiers found 7,400 corpses among the living.
Marson now moves the cell phone to his right ear to listen Bella Ciao, the Italian song that was adopted as a hymn of antifascist resistance. "Yes, yes, we, the fans, have sung this," he confirms. Clarin when asked how he remembers this melody that was later popularized in Argentina with the Spanish series The paper house.
In family. Marson with his wife Antoinette and his sons Luciano, Paola and Carolina in Monte Grande. Photo Guillermo Rodriguez Adami
"Or partigiano, portami via / o bella ciao, bella ciao, bella ciao, ciao, ciao / o partigiano, portami via / che mi mi sento di morirhe hums between the folds of his memory.
Then he will clarify that in the left ear, he does not hear anything because that one German two meters tall and iron hand, he threw it on the floor of a soup: "It's a morning that I woke up halfway confused and I made a mistake … Instead of forming a line at number 2, I made it to the number 3 … He turned my face, but fortunately I was able to get up. If I did not do it right away, I would end up like this. The weak did not serve there. We had to get up to go to work"
Jura Marson, that with time, love won resentment. And we will have to believe it. "Thank you always for coming out of this horror, I also thank Argentina, for the peace and affection that it has provided me when I arrived alone at Port of Buenos Aires with a toolbox. "Love," he lists.
But he states that even if he does not hold grudge, it is "important" to keep the memory of the past. In large print, half in Italian, half in Spanish, Marson began to write a book some time ago, which will be, he says, the book of his life.
Distinction of honor. From the Italian government to Marson.
He says he landed in 1950 and settled in Monte Grande, where he began working as a mason on a construction site. The foreman, he told him, allowed him to bring a brick a day home. After 30 days, I had 30 bricks. This is how the future began to build.
He then worked as a plumber (with the tools he had brought from Italy), then spun wool to found his own engraving factory, where he soon met his wife, a Neapolitan. He also founded a school for disabled children and another for the blind. "I had to return to Argentina some of what I had received," says his daughter Paola, for whom his father is a anonymous hero. It's she who wrote to Clarin April 29, after reading a note on the anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi camp where his father had survived: "You must know him, he has a beautiful story to tell you"He was not wrong.
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