The ephemeris of the day: what happened on July 8 | Events in Argentina and around the world

In July 8 ephemeris These events that happened on a day like today in Argentina and around the world stand out:

● 1921. Philosopher and sociologist Edgar Morin was born in Paris. He wrote on cinema and mass culture. He fought in the Resistance and right after the war he published his first book, Germany year zero. Then titles like Man and death, The subject’s life, California Journal, The method, My demons, The seven skills for an education of the future, Brief history of barbarism in the West Yes My little dreams.

● 1943. Jean Moulin, leader of the French Resistance, died at the age of 44, after being brutally tortured by the Gestapo. He did not reveal any names and was taken to Berlin when he died near Metz. His ashes were buried in the Pantheon in Paris during a solemn ceremony in 1964, in the presence of President Charles De Gaulle, and during which the Minister of Culture, the writer André Malraux, dismissed him with a famous speech. Moulin had been captured in Lyon and the interrogation and the first tortures were carried out by the local Gestapo chief: Klaus Barbie. The so-called “butcher of Lyon” will be found in Bolivia and extradited to France, where he will be sentenced to life in 1987 for his role in the Shoah (he had already been sentenced to death twice in absentia for war crimes, but the crimes prescribed twenty years). The criminal died in prison in 1991 at the age of 77.

● 1982. For the first time, a World Cup match is defined by penalties. He occurs in the semi-finals between West Germany and France in Spain. The match played in Seville is one of the most dynamic and dramatic in the history of the World Cup. The first half ends 1 – 1. In the second half, German goalkeeper Harald Schumacher charges Patrick Battiston. The French player remains unconscious, with three fewer teeth and several injured vertebrae. He goes out on a stretcher and the ref doesn’t even scold Schumacher. They go to the extra: France gets 3 to 1, but Germany draws a tie and the unprecedented definition takes place. On penalties, the Germans won 5 to 4 and qualified for the final.

● 1989. Carlos Menem takes the presidency five months in advance. The Peronist leader was to be sworn in on December 10, but the resignation of Raúl Alfonsín, in the midst of a hyperinflationary catastrophe, precipitated events. On May 14, the former governor of La Rioja defeated Eduardo Angeloz. The transfer of command signifies the first from a civilian elected by the people to another constitutional president since 1928. And this is the first time that it has occurred between two leaders of different signatures.

● 1990. A controversial penalty from Mexican referee Edgardo Codesal gives Federal Germany a 1-0 victory over the national team in the Italy 90 final. The first repeat final in history brings together the same contenders for the decisive game of the Mexico 86, but with a different ending. Diego Maradona can’t lift the Cup like four years ago, in a match that defines the third three-time world champion after Brazil and Italy. The match, played in Rome, marks the end of Carlos Bilardo’s cycle at the head of the team.

● 1995. Carlos Saúl Menem succeeds him, having obtained his re-election. On May 14, he defeated Frepasista José Octavio Bordón, in an election that broke the traditional two-party system between Peronists and radicals: the UCR is third, in its worst historical record so far. This election takes place without an electoral college, according to the new Constitution and 50% of the Menem-Ruckauf formula devotes the pair to the first round. Menem wins after six years of profound transformations: the economy has stabilized at parity between the peso and the dollar, public enterprises have been privatized, and unemployment and corruption scandals are on the rise.

● 2014. In Belo Horizonte, Germany crushes Brazil 7-1 in the semi-finals of the World Cup. It’s the biggest beating Brazil has received in its rich World Cup history, and one of the biggest goals in the World Cup. The Teutons score five goals in the first half hour and advance to the final where they face Lionel Messi’s Argentina. Oscar decorated the result with the only local goal at the last minute.