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In February 11 anniversary These events that happened on a day like today in Argentina and around the world stand out.
● 1858. According to the story of the young French shepherd Bernadette Soubirous, aged 14, the first of several apparitions of the Virgin Mary takes place in front of her. He performs in Lourdes, near the Pyrenees. The young woman assures us that the apparition confirmed the immaculate conception of Christ. He entered a convent, where he died at the age of 35. Pope Pius XI canonized it in 1933. Lourdes becomes a center of pilgrimage for Catholics and its feast is celebrated on February 11.
● 1948. Sergei Eisenstein dies at 50. With his editing technique, he revolutionized cinema. Strike, Battleship Potemkin Yes October were the peak of his work in the 1920s. He traveled to Mexico for his project Hooray Mexico!, an unfinished film which aimed to show the history of the country from pre-Columbian times to the Revolution. Back in the USSR, the filmmaker directed Alexander Nevsky e Ivan the Terrible.
● 1963. The Beatles enter Abbey Road Studios to shape their debut album. The day lasts almost ten hours. It begins with “There´sa Place” and ends with “Twist and Shout”. The recorded material will incorporate Please make me happy, the Liverpool group’s debut album, released in March.
● 1975. For the first time, a woman has led a political party in the UK with the arrival of Margaret Thatcher as head of the Conservative Party. Thatcher, a graduate in chemistry and law, is 49 and between 1970 and 1974 she was Minister of Education. Its rise marks the beginning of fifteen years of leadership and the transformation of British conservatism into a deep-rooted neoliberal economic force. Until 1979, she was the leader of the opposition: that year, she won the elections.
● 1990. Nelson Mandela regains his freedom, 27 years after being imprisoned and becoming the most famous political prisoner in the world. The leader of the African National Congress is released from prison, as part of the opening process of President Frederik de Klerk. Symbol of the fight against aside, Mandela would share the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 with De Klerk. In April 1994, he won the first free elections and became president.
● 2007. Portugal approves the decriminalization of abortion by referendum, nine years after the narrow No victory with 51%. This time, the initiative receives the favorable vote of 59% of the Portuguese. Since then, voluntary termination of pregnancy is allowed until the tenth week of gestation.
● 2013. Pope Benedict XVI makes an announcement that shakes the Church: he resigns as Sovereign Pontiff. He does so with a speech read in Latin. The event has no antecedent for six centuries and opens the fight for his succession, in an unimaginable scenario: that two popes coexist. Joseph Ratzinger was elected Pope in 2005 at the age of 78 and has since suffered heavy attrition. In 2012, he had to deal with the document leakage crisis known as VatiLeaks. The resignation, effective from February 28, opens the way to the conclave which will elect Jorge Bergoglio as his successor.
● 2016. The existence of gravitational waves is confirmed. The LIGO Observatory makes the announcement, in what represents one of the milestones of science in the 21st century. These are spatio-temporal disturbances produced by an accelerated celestial body. The waves are transmitted at the speed of light and had been predicted by Albert Einstein in his Theory of Relativity. Argentinian physicist Gabriela González is the one who communicates that on September 14, 2015 a gravitational wave could be observed. Barry Barish, Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss receive the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for their research.
In addition, it is the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, instituted by Unesco.
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