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The research race to end the coronavirus pandemic affecting the world once and for all has led thousands of scientists to worry about reaching a new vaccine. Once accomplished, the next step is to overcome the obstacle of non-acceptance and misinformation.
For this reason, a group of three prestigious Argentinian scientists, composed of the medical specialist in allergy and immunology Mirna Biglione and the doctor of cell biology, oncology and biological chemistry, Laura Bover, collected data from three of the vaccinations until the first day of 2021 and evaluated, among other things, its effectiveness.
Based on what has been reported, the general effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infections in cases of Moderna vaccine is 94.1% and had the participation of more than 30,000 participants, that of Pfizer-BioNTechIn contrast, it has reported greater than 95% effectiveness and has been studied in around 43,000 people. Meanwhile, the controversy Sputnik V It has an efficiency of 91.4% and a participation of less than 22 thousand people.
Regarding efficacy in pre-existing conditions, Modern reported to have 90.9%, Pfizer 95.3% and more data from Russia is unknown. Meanwhile, the best for those over 65 is the vaccine Pfizer. This lab reported that it was 94.7% in this age group. While it is 86.4% in Modern and unknown in the case of the development of Gamaleya.
However, due to the length of time the investigation would require, it is still unclear how long the immunity lasts and whether transmission of the virus is prevented. We will have to wait a bit to see how the results of these phase III trials evolve for all the vaccines, because it should be noted that they are approved for emergency use ?? Infobae.
One of the most controversial aspects of vaccines was the issue of storage and refrigeration. In this sense, the most complex is Pfizer and BioNTech It requires a temperature of -70 ° C and special storage equipment. Modern and Gamaleya for their part, they allow refrigeration in ordinary freezers at -20 ° C
Regarding administration, all three are by intramuscular injection. In the case of the Russian, two different doses are placed with an interval of four weeks between one and the other, while Moderna and Pfizer place two identical doses with a period of four weeks for the first and three for the second.
Regarding the technology they present, Modern and Pfizer they have mRNA. In this case, the RNA transfers information for the cells to synthesize the protein. While the Sputnik It has two human adenoviruses carrying DNA.
Finally, the side effects were higher in the case of Modern (21.5%). while it was 8.8% in the case of Pfizer and is not known in the vaccine of Gamaleya. In these cases, the most common effects were pain, swelling, fatigue, headache, fever, muscle pain, nausea, flu-like symptoms and general malaise.
According to Bover, “at the start of the year everyone was saying it was crazy to make a vaccine in 1 year. Now that it’s available, everyone wants it. vaccine. The 10 to 15 years it takes to be approved are necessary to remove all these doubts: who can or cannot receive it, protects for how many months or years, awakens the humoral (antibody) or cellular ( memory T lymphocyte)). Now you have to learn it as you go. What we do know is that it must arouse both types of immune response. ”
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