False news of 628 years: Scientists prove that the Shroud of Turin is not authentic (again)

The Shroud of Turin is a fake

It is the verdict of the Catholic bishop Peter of Arcis who wrote to say to the Pope that it was "a turn of "Somebody's clever huckster" falsely stating that it was the current shroud in which Jesus was wrapped up in the tomb to lure the multitude, so that the money was torn from them with skill. "

Of course, since Bishop Arcis wrote in 1390 to Pope Clement VII rather than to Pope Francis, it was not

But as some refused to believe the discoveries of the Bishop, or that the 1988 carbon dating revealed that the shroud dates back to the medieval period and not from the Biblical epoch, or the subsequent resignation of the claims challenging carbon dating, the scientists They still study the Shroud of Turin

And they still conclude that it is fake.

In the latest version, but certainly not final, they used modern forensic techniques to show that apparent blood spatters on the shroud could only be produced by someone who was adopting different poses – rather than staying in bed Dr. Matteo Borrini of Liverpool John Moores University and Luigi Garlaschelli of Pavia University used a living volunteer and real and synthetic blood to try to simulate possible bloodstains apparent.

They concluded that two short streams of blood possible on the left hand of the ghostly silhouette of the shroud could only be formed by someone who was standing with his arms at an angle of about 45 degrees . 19659002] This could be consistent with someone who had been crucified with the Y-shaped arms. Unfortunately for the shroud followers, the blood stains of the forearm required that the corpse be wrapped in the shroud with the arms in a different position – held almost vertically above the head rather than at a 45 degree angle.

The researchers, whose findings were published in the Journal of Forensic Science estimated that the alleged splash of blood seemed to have fallen vertically and almost at random from someone who could have stood [19659012] Regarding the alleged injury to the spear, their article A BPA [Blood Pattern Analysis] Approach to the Shroud of Turin concludes: "The BPA of visible blood on the front of the chest (the wound of the spear) shows that the shroud represents the bleeding in a realistic way for a standing position while the stains on the back of a so-called post-mortem bleeding the same injury for a corpse are lying completely "

Dr. Borrini is himself a Catholic – but he does not need the shroud to strengthen his faith.

It remains to see, however, it will protect from the criticism of those who are convinced that the shroud made its way from the tomb of Jerusalem to Jesus, to Constantinople in 944, in Greece after the sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204 , in France and finally in Italy

wearing what looked like the double image of a man who had been crucified, is now in the Royal Chapel of St. John's Cathedral. ptiste of Turin.

But it was in France, shortly after the beginning of what is sometimes called his "undisputed", or documented history, that Mgr. D'Arcis became the One of the first to express doubts about the linen of 4.4 m long and 1.1 m wide In 1965, the bishop says that the fabric began to attract pilgrims in 1355 while It was in the possession of Geoffrey de Charny, a French knight who built a church in Lirey to thank God for his miraculous escape. of English imprisonment during the Hundred Years War

D'Arcis tells the pope that his predecessor as bishop of Troyes, Henry of Poitiers, had quite quickly discovered "fraud" and obtained a confession from the artist who produced it that it was "a work of human skill and not miraculously forged or granted."

It is fair to say that when Arcis wrote about the shroud still used as a coin mechanism in 1390, he was a little angry.

"I can not express fully or sufficiently in writing the painful nature of the scandal," he told Pope Clement VII. "The dean of a certain collegiate, namely that of Lirey, falsely and deceptively, being consumed with the pbadion of greed, and not a motive of devotion, but only of gain, provided to his church some cloth on which a cunning trick represented the double image of a man …

"And to draw the multitude so that the money was snatched from them with cunning, so-called miracles were accomplished, some men being hired to represent themselves as cured in battle, and even in 1355, Arcis told Pope Clement that medieval experts dismantled badertions about the shroud.

Bishop recalled that during the investigation of Henry of Poitiers the theologians and other sages declared that this could not be the true shroud of our Lord having the resemblance of the Savior thus printed, since the holy Gospel made no mention of Such imprint, while, if it had been true, it was quite unlikely that the evangelical saints had failed to record it, or that the fact remained hidden until the Current time.

Some modern commentators, however, dismissed Archbishop Mgr's comments as nothing more than jealousy.

They say that he just wanted to discredit the shroud so that all these spendthrift pilgrims can visit his cathedral in Troyes, rather than the church of Lirey.

Perhaps more difficult to dismiss than medieval bishops were the evidence of 20th century scientists from Oxford University, the University of Arizona and the University of Arizona. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, which were allowed to carbonize samples from the Shroud in 1988. 19659002] After three separate tests in laboratories in Arizona, Oxford and Zurich, scientists said with 95% confidence that the shroud was dating from 1260-1390 (a date range including the first documented references to the tissue).

The article of 1945 dating from the radiocarbon of the Shroud of Turin in the peer-reviewed journal Nature seemed to leave little room for doubt by stating: "The results provide conclusive results: proof that the flax of the Shroud of Turin is medieval [not Biblical] ".

Counter-arguments, however, were collected – In 1998, it was reported that the office of Anastasio Alberto Ballestrero, the former Cardinal Archbishop of Turin, had issued a statement suggesting that dating to carbon had been interfered as a result of a "Masonic conspiracy abroad"

There were more scientific objections about the results of carbon dating, but they tended to be encountered demystification.

The center of the Shroud of Turin in Colorado suggested that carbon monoxide could have changed the age of the Shroud radiocarbon to make it younger. It was pointed out, however, that this would have required unnatural concentrations of a gas that does not normally react with flax, and that no such contamination has ever been observed.

Some Shroud believers have suggested that carbon date fragments could include part of a 16th century attempt for "invisible" repair of a shroud dating back to Christ's time. This prompted the answer that if scientists had really tested samples that combined elements from the 16th century and the 1st century, they would have a carbon dated reading around the 7th century – still much sooner than the actual results obtained.

The 1988 carbon dating was also questioned because the tested fragments had been contaminated by modern materials.

Scientists however felt that the various cleaning procedures of the three laboratories removed any possible contamination. Independent scientists have also said that the cleaned fabric should have remained heavily impregnated with modern carbon so that the results are so distorted that a 2,000 year old shroud has been dated to the 13th or 14th century.

It may or may not be of added importance that successive popes have tended to use their words carefully when it comes to the Turin Shroud.

Pope Francis described it as an "icon of a scourged and crucified man" – all very reverential the shroud is a "relic", which would imply a belief that it really was the funeral shroud of Christ.

Still, Turin's Museo della Sindone continues to attract a healthy number of visitors, and when the shroud itself briefly put on public display in 2015, more a million people went to see him.