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11. July 2018
A new HIV vaccine triggered strong immune responses in one study. Rhesus monkeys got 67% protection against Mosaik vaccine infection. The authors of the study are satisfied with the results, but warn against too much euphoria.
A new candidate for a potential HIV vaccine has shown promising results in a first clinical trial. The so-called mosaic vaccine contains antigens of various forms of the HI virus that would elicit an immune response against various strains of HIV
Strong immune response
The APPROACH study identified 393 participants from the United States, Rwanda, Uganda, South Africa and Thailand. First, it was to check the compatibility of the vaccine. Subjects received four vaccinations within 48 weeks. The researchers were unable to identify safety issues, with a few exceptions, the vaccine was well tolerated by the subjects. The carrier virus administered was a modified adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26), which was combined with different boosters.
The best immunity was obtained with boosters, which again received the Mosaic Ad26 vaccine plus a high dose of gp140 surface protein content. In all participants, formation of antibodies against Env protein could be observed. In addition, 83% of them received a T lymphocyte reaction and 80% an antibody-dependent phagocytosis reaction .
Two-thirds of protected monkeys
The vaccine was tested simultaneously on 72 rhesus monkeys. Even with them, a comparable immune response in the blood could be determined. 67% of the monkeys were protected against subsequent infection of the SHI virus, which corresponds to the human virus IH. The authors of the study are satisfied with the result, but warn against too much optimism. It is not known if the vaccine also provides adequate protection against infection in humans.
Follow-up study of 2,600 women
A follow-up study is currently underway to test the vaccine in southern Africa for 2,600 women exposed to HIV. the first results are expected in 2021. Although research has been going on for more than 35 years, there is still no vaccine against the HIV virus. So far, only four other vaccines have reached the last phase of the study. Under real conditions, however, they offer no long-term protection since they only protect against certain strains of virus.
Evaluation of an HIV-1 mosaic vaccine in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 / 2a clinical trial (APPROACH) and in rhesus monkeys (NHP 13-19)
Dan H. Barouch et al. The Lancet doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (18) 31364-3, 2018
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