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Source: Photographic Archive of Kommersant Publishing
Each year, the inhabitants of planet Earth bet on the result of sporting events for a total amount of $ 1 trillion, according to the society of 39, British Sportradar badysis. About 70% of this amount bets on football. The inevitable companions of the sports totaliser are contractual matches, contractual contracts. They earn billions, and often involved in organized crime.
England – the birthplace of an entrepreneur
The first certified case of a football entrepreneur dates back to 1915. On this Friday before Easter, Manchester United met Liverpool. For Manchester, losing meant moving from first division to second, for Liverpool, the result of the match was almost nothing. "Manchester United" won with a score of 2: 0 and remained in the first division. But 12,000 spectators who came to watch the game saw that Liverpool's players did not particularly want to win. On the contrary, they rushed to defeat.
In the 48th minute, Liverpool's Bob Parsell deliberately grabbed the ball with his hand to get a penalty. Pat O'Connell hit the punishment so steeply that he almost fell into the corner flag.
But he was not angry, but just smiled – we still mark. And when Fred Pagnem of "Liverpool" almost played a ball by hitting the bar, it provoked a violent outrage from some of his teammates. After the second goal scored, both teams virtually stopped playing and waited for the final whistle for 22 minutes.
The bookmakers were also very dissatisfied. They took the chance with a ratio of 7: 1 and even 8: 1 to the fact that Manchester did not win 2: 0. Guess the exact result of the opponents has turned out to be suspicious.
As the investigation showed, seven of the match participants put their money on this result – three from Manchester United and four from Liverpool. All were disqualified for life. Two players from other football clubs were also disqualified, also "guessed" the outcome of the game.
But there was the First World War. One of the entrepreneur's writers, Sandy Turnbull, died of a brave death and was posthumously pardoned, with some disqualification players being withdrawn in recognition of military achievements. The longest time was excommunicated from Enoch West of Manchester. He did not admit his guilt and even tried to sue the Football Association of England for insult. Vest's punishment was lifted only 30 years after the offense.
Behind the scenes remain an important circumstance – who was the organizer of the contract match. Officially it was believed that Jackie Sheldon of Liverpool, but there were rumors that someone had asked for the match who wanted to keep anonymous.
It will take nearly a century before the names of the pact kings become well known to the world. 19659004] Light Carcbades
During the 1997 football season, the English fans had to face a mysterious phenomenon several times
during the Derby County club's meeting with Wimbledon on August 14, 1997 at the newly opened "Pride" stadium. Park "is suddenly out. Two electric generators were refused, and the spotlights, which illuminated the field, were extinguished. He came in the 11th minute of the second half with a 2: 1 score in favor of "Derby". The stadium dipped in the dark. Six electricians and five badistants were unable to repair the fault. After waiting more than half an hour, the judge declared the match over.
West Ham United and Crystal Palace played on November 3 of the same year. And again in the second half, shortly after the score was 2: 2, the stadium refused lighting. And again, the electricians were not able to quickly repair the blackout, and again after half an hour waiting the judge said the match was over.
When the floodlights go out once in a football stadium, it can be an accident. When this is repeated three times, it is already a model. | | Source: AP 2018
Wimbledon and Arsenal met on December 22 of the same year. The first half has ended 0-0. The second only lasted 13 seconds, after which the light was extinguished. This time, the technicians managed to deal with the problem in 12 minutes. The game resumed, but the spotlight came out again – this time for a long time. The arbitrator concluded the meeting. The valiant British police, investigating the incident, found no signs of sabotage.
For information. According to the rules of the English bookmakers, bets on an unfinished match before the end are canceled.
According to the rules of the Asian bookmakers, the result of a prematurely canceled match is recognized if the teams have played at least once. The matches of the British Premier League
The first of the three games mentioned has not been broadcast on cable television. Maybe the electrical equipment in the new stadium refused in itself. But
Shortly before the meeting at the "Valley" stadium, at the base of "Charlton", arrived two Malays. They were presented by John and Mark, heads of the football stadium in Asia, studying the British best practices in safety at stadiums
"John" called In Hwa Lim, he was
Trinidad met with stadium guard Roger Firth. The guard was invited to dinner, then drove to the casino, where they opened their plan to him. If the electrothermal screens of the stadium are slightly modified, the projector can be extinguished by means of special remotes
For access to the Firta electric panel is offered £ 20 thousand
An electrical engineer, an underground bookmaker, a bandit and a stadium guard are trying to influence the result of the game "Charlton Athletic" – "Liverpool", turn off the light at the stadium | Source: AP 2018
A quarter of this amount, Firth offered another security guard not to notice how Asians are hanging from the standard. But the second guard reported to the police. The conspirators have been arrested. Among the many evidence found by the police was a ticket to the game "Wimbledon" – "Arsenal", owned by Lima. Criminals have different prison sentences.
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As for the very idea of a power cut in the stadium at the moment the dashboard burns the desired result, its authorship is attributed to the king of Wilson contract games Perumal. . Beginning of an unearned biography
Originally from Singapore, Wilson Raj Perumal started watching English football at age 11 with his father and bet for the first time on a match at the age of 13 years (but did not get loan from an older boy). While serving in the military, he was constantly playing sports betting, often losing large sums, as the bookmakers handled the stakes, seeing that they were dealing with a newcomer. Then he organized the first contract match of his life.
He collected friends, promised 50 Singapore dollars, made two teams, bought a uniform for everyone, bought a judge for $ 500, rented a football field, announced in the newspapers about the last match of the day. A fiction tournament.
A team looked like a favorite. Bets on another were taken with a high coefficient. Perumal put on an outsider thanks to close friends. The first half ended with a score of 3: 0 in favor of the favorite team
Wilson Raj Perumal won for his unsportsmanlike career, according to his own calculations, about 6.2 to 8 million dollars for the organization of repair matches | Source: AP 2018
After a focus with his own tournament, Perumal started to negotiate desired game results with second-tier teams. He came to the locker room a few hours before the match and said what kind of result he needed and how much he was willing to pay.
Arranger of the lovers of the treaties, he bet on the professionals – meetings of European teams, games of championships in Europe, Asia, world. And sometimes he lost a lot of time.
"If I was not a player, I would have become a millionaire a long time ago," Perumal admits later
In the Malaysian Cup games and in general
In his book "Kelong Kings" (the name can be translated roughly by "Kings of Pacters"), Perumal remembers the 1994 Asian Games. In finals, there were teams from China and Uzbekistan . On the advice of a friendly bookmaker, Perumal bet $ 50,000 on an outsider – Uzbekistan. But the next day, he learns that Uzbekistan has become a favorite unexpectedly, and puts $ 30,000 more on his victory.
Uzbekistan became the Asian champion, winning 4: 2. Of course, in Uzbekistan itself, this match is not considered a contract, but as an outstanding accomplishment of the team national.
In 1994, Singapore became the first country to send an international football referee to influence the outcome of the match. Judge Rajamanikam was suspended from football for life. He remained nine months, after which he managed to retrain for business.
With Czechoslovak Michal Vanei, Perumal found himself in a nightclub and offered to pay the player for victories and a large number of goals scored. He accepted, and then he himself started playing the draw. At the contract organization, Vanya was recruited by teammate Abbas Saad.
In the final of the Malaysian Cup in 1994, two teams, Pehang and Singapore, were bought by underground bookmakers. One was to lose, the other had to fight like lions. The only player known for his incorruptibility, missed the match, as in the semifinals, he received two yellow cards from the corrupt judge. "Singapore" took the cup, winning 4: 0. Abbas Saad made a hat trick
But one day, a thunder has arrived. In one of the Chinese newspapers appeared the results of future matches of the Malaysian Cup, including details such as, for example, the name of the player who should receive a red card.
More than 100 players were arrested in Malaysia. In Singapore, the authorities have seriously engaged in two cases: Saad and Vanya. Saad was fined 50,000 Singapore dollars and was disqualified for life.
Vanya fled Singapore without waiting for trial. In his own words, he crossed the border, hanging on a rope hanging next to an Indonesian fishing boat.
According to another version – flew in the plane on the second pbadport (the first was confiscated by the police). Back in the Czech Republic, Vanya lived quietly, only in recent years he became a hero of documentary films about corruption in football
European Football, Dan Tan and Pal
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While the Malaysian authorities and Singaporeans struggled and selling football matches, Asian underground bookmakers began to enter the European market. More specifically, create a European market for contract games
One of the leading Asian experts of contract games at that time was Singaporean Esvaramurti Pillay, also known as MX. According to Mr Perumal, Mr X, through his legal firm Stanton Techologies, financed the Swiss football clubs "Zion" and "Chibado". In the "Chibado" then played Almir Gegic. In 2011, Gegic was arrested by the Italian police. The investigation considered that he was the main middleman between the Asian underground bookmakers and the players of the Italian clubs who were organizing the contract matches.
million. X under the leadership of his clandestine organization was replaced by Dan Tan (Italian sports journalists called him Dan Corleone). A few years ago, Dan Tan confessed to Der Spiegel that in 2001, he had tried to reiterate the attention with the declining lights of the Champions League match between Barcelona and Fenerbahce. The light went out in the 70th minute, but the electricians were able to restore the lighting with a spare generator. On this, Dan Tan lost 3 million dollars
Singaporean Dan Tang (pictured left) for several years decided what account the matches of the Italian football championship must end with | Source: AFP 2018
However, according to him, he managed to win for a match and more. The absolute record – 15 million euros on one of the matches of the Italian Premier League
Another "King of the Pacts" – Rajendran Kurusami, nicknamed Pal. Pal, translated from Tamil, means "milk," Rajendran sold milk as a child as a child. In early 1995, Pal sent Perular to England ("I was educated, spoke good English and I was able to communicate with people," Perumal writes in his memoirs). With him went to the task of son-in-law Pal. They tried to hear about the result of the match "Liverpool" – "Birmingham City".
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At the base of Birmingham, two Singaporeans arrived under cover of journalists, in communication with the coach and the players. One of them took apart goalkeeper Ian Bennett and offered him £ 20,000 for a loss during a meeting with Liverpool. Bennett refused. Later, he recounted an attempt to bribe journalists, but his story was taken as a joke.
After the failure, Perumal and his son-in-law Pal decided to bribe Chelsea keeper Dmitry Kharin. They did not manage to enter the Chelsea base under cover of journalists, the guard redirected them to the press service Then the Singaporeans waited for Harin at the gates of the stadium, asked for a joint photo then – to drive them by car. In the car Perumal offered the goalkeeper $ 60,000 ., he agrees to lose the next match. Kharin replied that he was not interested in this proposal: at the 1994 World Cup in the United States, he received money for a loss, but he usually prefers to finish his sports career
Dmitry Kharin is one of the few footballers to have refused to sell. Source: Reuters
After unsuccessful negotiations with the players, an idea appeared with a projector failure. And then Asian underground bookmakers have discovered that not all European footballers, judges and coaches are as decent and incorruptible as Bennet and Kharin. And non-European too.
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Perumal's first attempt to agree on the outcome of the international match that ended in failure. Six Zimbabwean footballers took money to lose against Bosnia-Herzegovina with a score of 0: 4, but played 2-2. During the 2007-2010 international tour, Zimbabwe lost to teams from Bahrain, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Jordan, Yemen, Kenya, China, Singapore, Syria and Thailand. For each match awarded, players from the Zimbabwe team received 2.5-5 thousand dollars from Perumal
Sometimes there were simply absurd situations. In 2008, an international tournament was held in Malaysia under the nifty name of the Inter Continental Cup. If the word Intercontinental is written together, the name of another prestigious tournament will be obtained. Perumal has agreed with the Nigerian national team a draw in the match against the Iraqi national team. For that, the Nigerian players had to receive 50 thousand dollars
and it was necessary that already in the additional time, in the 93rd minute of the match, the judge named a penalty to the doors of the Iraqis. The Nigerian player managed to score a goal, after which he was hated by his private money mates.
In another match of the same tournament, Togo lost to Australia with a score of 0: 2 half an hour before the end of the match. Perumalu needed a draw. And he managed to avoid losing. Тренер сборной Того провел три замены, два игрока намеренно получили красные карточки, а три игрока симулировали серьезные травмы и покинули поле на носилках.
В результате на поле осталось всего шестеро футболистов из Того, игра была остановлена.
И Перумал, и Пал несколько раз оказывались в сингапурской тюрьме. И не только за взятки футболистам и рефери. Перумал однажды сломал ногу клюшкой для хоккея на траве футболисту Ивице Рагузу, чтобы тот пропустил следующую игру и его команда не смогла одержать победу. У Пала один из приговоров был за попытку подкупа тюремного охранника: букмекер просил принести ему сотовый телефон, чтобы продолжать организовывать договорные матчи
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Его главный конкурент Дан Тан особенно активно действовал в Италии. Нужный результат в матче национального чемпионата серии С обходился ему в € 40-80 тыс серии В. – в € 60-120 тыс серии А (высшая лига.) – в € 250-400 тыс. Ти цифры называл Антонио Беллависта, бывший капитан клуба "Бари", осужденный за организацию договорных матчей. Прибыль букмекеров от нужного результата игры в серии В могла составить € 4-6 млн, серии А -. € 10-15 млн
В ноябре 2010 года игроки команды третьего дивизиона чемпионата Италии "Кремонезе" дружно почувствовали слабость и усталость во время второго тайма игры с командой "Паганезе". Как будто их всех вдруг поразила таинственная болезнь. Один из футболистов попал в по дороге домой после матч. Менеджер клуба обратился в полицию.
Расследование показало, что товарищей по команде отравил мощным седативным средством лорметазепам вратарь Марко Паолони. УУ оы бы бы бы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы .ы. Заказчиком был Дан Тан. В Италии был выписан ордер на его арест. Но вряд ли Дан Тан окажется в обозримом будущем в итальянской тюрьме. С 2013 года (с небольшим перерывом) он находится в тюрьме сингапурской, где его могут держать бессрочно по обвинению в потенциальной угрозе обществу. [19659082] И вечный бой …
Итоги многолетней деятельности сингапурских специалистов по договорнякам были частично подведены в знаменитом релизе Европола , опубликованном в феврале 2013 года. Совместное расследование Европола и полицейских служб 13 стран Европы дало следующие результаты. [19659076] В общей сложности 425 игроков, судей, менеджеров клубов, профессиональных преступников более чем из 15 стран причастны к 380 подозрительным (то есть, возможно, договорным) профессиональным футбольным матчам в Европе. Среди них есть отборочные матчи чемпионатов Европы и мира, матчи Лиги чемпионов, Кубка УЕФА, решающие матчи европейских национальных чемпионатов
На товарищеский матч сборных Латвии и Боливии (2: 1). В турецкой Анталье в 2011 году пришло всего около 100 зрителей. Все три гола были забиты с пенальти. Предствии судейская бригада из Боснии, обслуживавшая матч, была пожизненно дисквалифицирована | Источник: AP 2018
Еще около 300 подозрительных матчей было обнаружено in Африке, Азии, Южной и Центральной Америке. Доказан «сингапурский след» примерно in 150 матчах. К сожалению, Европол не назвал конкретные матчи и имена, но любители спорта сумели вычислить часть договорняков по косвенным признакам
В 2013 году, после публикации доклада Европола, бывший судья Раджаманикам, который стал первым в мире осужденным за футбольные договорняки, заявил.: «Договорные матчи практически невозможно искоренить. Если отрубить одну уродливую голову, на ее месте вырастает сразу несколько. Это неизлечимая болезнь ".
Единственной действенной мерой Раджаманикам считает полный запрет легального и полное искоренение подпольного тотализатора.
В том же году генеральный секретарь Интерпола Роберт Ноубл заявил, что борьба с договорными матчами никогда не закончится. По его словам, прибыль подпольных букмекеров сопоставима с прибылью компании
В 2012 году Интерпол и FIFA объявили о совместной инициативе по борьбе с договорными матчами и подпольным тотализатором. За десять лет на эти цели должно было быть потрачено £ 20 млн. Довольно скромная сумма в сравнении с цифрами, которыми оперируют те, с кем предполагалось бороться. Впрочем, в 2015 году Интерпол заявил, что выходит из партнерства, – когда вскрылось, насколько коррумпирована сама FIFA. Впрочем, это совсем другая история.
Алексей Алексеев
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