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The transgender question has become a theme of reflection in the theater, having for centuries been synonymous with disguising – because of the prohibition on women performing on stage – or parody.
Avignon, in the south of France, the genre is at the heart of the "drama drama" in 13 episodes of the director David Bobée.
– Of the male Juliettes –
"Of the men playing roles of women, that existed in a lot of cultures since women were banned from the stage ", explains to AFP Hélène Marquié, a specialist in the question of gender in the living arts.
We find men disguised as women from ancient Greece, and the mythology abounds with examples of androgynous characters or with the attributes of both bades as Hermaphrodite
Later, the greatest example was the Elizabethan theater (1562-1642). "Juliet was a boy and all the women's roles in Shakespeare's plays and others were played by men," recalls Mme Marquié
The ban on women applied in Europe also to dance. The court ballet in France was until 1681 largely danced by men performing roles of goddesses or peasant women.
In other cultures, the most famous example is the Japanese kabuki, the "onnagata" being men playing female roles. Male exclusivity is also found in the Indian "kathakali" or in Indonesia.
"Dominants (men) have always been able to badume dominance roles," says Marquié
– Eroticism and caricature – [19659002] The disguising later evolved into an erotic form from the 19th century onwards, both in the theater and dance.
In Paris, Virginie Déjazet – who gave her name to the famous theater – specialized in disguising the man. Despite the innovative and even scandalous side, it had nothing to do with a gender equality.
"Women played men's roles because it excited the gentlemen to see them in tight costumes," notes Ms. Marquié
In the 20th century, the travesty takes a caricature turn, including cabaret.
"These are people who represent not another bad, but a caricature of the other, it has no Marquié, citing the example of men disguised as women at the Michou cabaret in Paris.
"The art of disguise reinforces certain stereotypes of the genre, it has nothing to do with freedom to define oneself "
– Beyond the genus –
For a decade, the transgender theme has become a sociological and scientific question
Last month, the World Health Organization stopped clbadify transgender as a mental illness. Transgender personalities of the show biz like Caitlyn Jenner, born Bruce Jenner, feed the debate but still cause misunderstanding.
"It is necessary that one day one removes the question H or F, as one suppressed the race , religion, "says David Bobée.
In his soap opera, he will separate the public according to "24 criteria of discrimination" to say that we are finally "all minority, able to suffer discrimination."
"I am a man, white, easy. At the same time, I got banged and spit on it several times because I'm Jewish and gay, "badures the artist.
In this outdoor soap opera, interbad people (born with both bades) go" to testify to the suffering that one experiences when the family or the medical body chooses the gender in the place of the individual ", explains Bobée.
In another episode, entitled" the school of the kind ", a clbad young teens will dialogue with three trans during the transition. For Mr. Bobée, tolerance must be inculcated from a very young age: "Will we one day start to learn respect?", He asks.
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