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Take flour, wheat and wild barley, mix with plant root pulp, add water, then cook. Here is the recipe for a 14,000-year-old loaf.
So far, the earliest evidence of bread has been around 9,000 years ago in Turkey. But the discovery of a new archaeological site in Jordan extends its age by 5000.
The researchers found two buildings with two large circular stone chimneys. In the background were 24 crumbs of charred bread. The badyzes of these crumbs show traces of grinding, sieving and kneading. Our ancestors, the Natufians, a hunter-gatherer people from the Levant, probably used bread to wrap it around grilled meat like a sandwich. Researchers believe that bread was a special dish on special occasions.
Bread to Celebrate
Today, yeast and leaven are used to make dough rise and have an inflated bread. But at the time these ingredients were not used, so the bread was flat and looked more like pita bread or chapati, unleavened Indian bread. The researchers also wanted to know what taste could have this cereal cake. They have reproduced the recipe in the laboratory. It's a nutty flavor that comes out, much like our modern multigrain breads.
This is an important discovery, because it's the first time we've seen that these ingredients are mixed to make a meal. This study also challenges the idea that the origin of bread is badociated with the emergence of agriculture and the domestication of cereals in south-west Asia, about 4,000 years later. The bread would rather have been created long before the man began to cultivate cereals. This would explain why the ancient peoples first began to cultivate wheat and barley since these cereals already occupied a special place in their daily lives
E. Lukacsovics
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