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Visceral leishmaniasis, a disease that caused the death of a 3-year-old child last Sunday at Morro Camarista Méier, in Engenho de Dentro, in the northern area of Rio, spread to urban areas of the country . the situation in the state of Rio is not different. Between 1990 and 2017, the number of cases increased from two to 12, a growth of 500%. On Tuesday, city officials were in the community where the family of the little boy Angelo Miguel Oliveira Monteiro de Matos lives. Researchers will examine whether they are contaminated with the protozoan Leishmania chagasi, transmitted to humans through insect bites.
– The National Institute of Infectiology of Fiocruz, charged with the badysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of the child, confirmed the disease. Now, the municipal health department is working at the boy's place of residence to find out if the transmission had taken place on the spot, ie it was in question. 39, an indigenous case – says Oswaldo Cruz Institute researcher Elizabeth Rangel, coordinator of the Fiocruz Reference Network on Leishmaniasis.
Although this is already causing concern in states such as São Paulo and Minas Gerais, cases of visceral leishmaniasis are not common in the city of Rio, according to epidemiological data. In 18 years, since the disease was controlled, 47 people have contracted this type of leishmaniasis in the city.
Visceral leishmaniasis is the most serious clinical form of leishmaniasis and in South America the dog is the major source of infection in a cycle involving animals and humans. The disease is transmitted by insect bites commonly called straw mosquito, hard tail, tatuquiras and birigui. Infected females bite dogs or other infected animals, then bite the man, transmitting protozoan Leishmania chagasi. Dogs do not transmit the disease to humans, they are only reservoirs of the parasite.
According to the Municipal Department of Health, in this district of the city, Tuesday, during the investigation conducted at Morro Camarista Méier, the Officers took blood from dogs in the area and eliminated possible outbreaks of mosquito vectors of the disease, which usually proliferate in landfills and animal breeding sites.
The burial of the boy Ângelo Miguel will take place Wednesday at 16h, at San Francisco Xavier Cemetery, in Caju.
According to Elizabeth Rangel, Brazil is facing a process of territorial expansion of visceral leishmaniasis, the disease spreading to the south:
"We have the disease in capitals and large cities we need to monitor the vector (straw mosquito), control the animals (dogs are reservoirs of the protozoa) and allow health professionals to diagnose the disease.
Rural areas to urban areas began in the 1980s. In 2011, a large number of cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis attracted the attention of health authorities in the central region of Rio.
– In the district of Caju, the first urbanization situation of the disease was recorded in the state.And a year later, a human case was recorded – says the researcher.
Besides Caju, the municipality of Rio poss Also endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis (where transmission is constant) in the western zone, such as the districts of Campo Grande, Realengo, Bangu and Senador Camará.
In humans, visceral leishmaniasis causes persistent fever, enlarged liver and spleen, weight loss, weakness, decreased muscle strength and anemia. Infected dogs can remain without apparent clinical signs for months or even years. But when the disease manifests itself, they may present: a loss of appetite; progressive weight loss; wounds on the skin (which heal slowly), especially on the muzzle, ears, joints and tail; opaque, coat and hair loss; abnormal growth of the nails; diarrhea, vomiting and intestinal bleeding
According to the Ministry of Health, about 3,500 cases of this disease are recorded each year in the country. In recent years, lethality has gradually increased from 3.1% in 2000 to 7.1% in 2012.
Preventive Measures
It is important to ensure avoid the creation and proliferation of insect vector disease, mosquito straw, which breeds in the middle of organic matter and in animal breeding sites. To do this: – Avoid raising pigs and chickens in urban areas
– Keep the house and yard free of organic matter by collecting leaves and tree branches, droppings and deer Animals, debris and fruit
– All waste must be packed and placed in plastic bags
– Unoccupied landowners must adopt the same measures as those described above [19659016] $ (document) .ready (function () {
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