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Gael is only 3 years old, but he already calls his brother Benicio. In August, the family of Gabriela Lacerda, 35, will be complete, thanks to a little help from science. The embryos of Gael and Benicio were formed at the same time by in vitro fertilization – but instead of dividing the space in the uterus, one of them "waited" frozen in the laboratory. Between one belly and the other, Gabriela had time to organize herself. "Everything is ready and Gael is looking forward to it."
Increasing unique pregnancies – as happened with Gabriela – and decreasing those of twins is the goal of badisted reproduction clinics in Brazil and in the United States. world. Forty years after the birth of the first test tube in July 1978 in the United Kingdom, the precision of embryo selection and embryo freezing techniques in in vitro fertilization has already allowed for the transfer of one to the patient. 39 uterus with equivalent success rates.
According to doctors, the advantage is to avoid complications for the woman and the baby. "Even in twins, there is a risk of prematurity, which can put the child at risk until the end of his life," says Joji Ueno, a specialist in badisted reproduction. In 2011, a resolution of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) established the maximum number of embryos that can be transported in the womb of the mother.
Up to two women are allowed up to 35 years. The number goes up to three for people aged 36 to 39 and reaches four for people aged 40 and over. "In the last two or three years, we know exactly which are the best and the worst," said Marcio Coslovsky, a specialist in human reproduction for more than 20 years
The latest data from the Latin American Reproductive Network badisted (Redlara) show an increase in single embryo transfers in the country, especially among young women. In 2011, the proportion was 13.9% of the total; in 2014, 17.5%. According to Adelino Amaral, director of Redlara in Brazil, this rate should increase further. The National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) does not have data on the number of embryos used in each procedure.
After attempting to conceive naturally, 31-year-old librarian Munira Possebon sought a procreation badisted clinic and, with in vitro fertilization, eight embryos – all of good quality – but decided to transfer her that one and freeze the others after the doctor's suggestion. "We thought that put two or three, the chances would increase, but the doctor explained that there was no risk." She does not regret it. After a hectic pregnancy, Lucas was born healthy for 1 year and 3 months.
In the gynecologist Pedro Monteleone's clinic in São Paulo, the only pregnancy is a rule and not an exception. "The suggestion is to transfer one embryo at a time, with no negative impact on the cumulative pregnancy rate," he says, who also works at the Center for Human Reproduction at the Hospital das Clínicas.
Genetic tests carried out on part of the embryos help us understand how to make an in vitro fertilization in São Paulo.
to choose one, with more feasibility for "revenge". But the recommendation of this review – considered invasive and detecting abnormalities and chromosomal syndromes, such as Down syndrome – is not a consensus.
To help track down those who are more likely to succeed, advanced clinics also make a "big brother". "At the cellular level." The cameras film the embryos of fertilization until the 5th day, we determined if they fragmented at the right time and what is the best, "says Maurício Chehin, a doctor at the clinic. Huntington
Challenges 19659002] Although recommended, the transfer of a single embryo comes up against cost.An in vitro fertilization cycle is expensive – about 20,000 reais – and all couples are not willing to resume the process to have more children.In addition, the latest techniques to find the "super-embryo" increase the price – genetic testing and surveillance by camera can cost $ 2,000 more
Another problem is cultural, according to Nilka Donadio of the Brazilian Society for Human Reproduction, there must be a dialogue between the team and the future parents. "If the couple does not become pregnant, do not consider favorably the fact that it has transferred only one embryo. "
In vitro fertilization is an alternative treatment for women who can not conceive naturally:
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