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"No one is born to hate another person by the color of his skin, his origin, or his religion." To love, people must learn, and if they can learn to hate, they can learn to love. "
Nelson Mandela, the man who preached love instead of racism, would be 100 years old Wednesday (18) .And South Africa celebrates this Wednesday [19659002] In honor of "Tata" (Father, in free translation of Xhosa), several celebrations take place throughout the week.Head respected
Mandela, was born in l. Inland, in Mvezo, where he remained in the village, "today, he would be a highly respected chief, you know, he would have a very big belly, a lot of cows and sheep," he wrote. he in his memory "Conversations that I had with me." [196459002] However, it was not the life that Mandela chose for himself.
The Fighting continues
Mandela's trajectory, still today, is marked by the fight against racial prejudice.He realized the brutality of racism in his youth while he lived on I was in Johannesburg, it was then that he joined the NAC (Brazilian National Congress)
For Maurício Santoro, Professor of International Relations at UERJ, the figure of Mandela remains representative in the fight against racism, even if it took new forms
When Mandela appeared as a symbol, many African countries were fighting against European settlers in search of independence.
"The fight against racism still has a huge impact, but now it's more focused on immigration issues," he said.
Santoro believes that at present, racism is not present in institutionalized forms, as was the case with apartheid.
The Apartheid Regime
South Africa was a member of the United States Government of America. colonized by the British and the Dutch. The presence of the colonizers was weak compared to the local population, but this did not prevent the laws dividing the country between blacks and whites of the early twentieth century, in favor of the second group, to be approved
. Whites would dominate most of the country's arable land, with about 92.7% of the land owned by whites. For Blacks, only 7.5% of the land was reserved.
Similar laws continued to be approved until, in 1948, apartheid was defined as the institutional policy of the country.
In this divided South Africa, whites and slaves Negroes
Leader in a Party Country
It is in this country, because of the inequalities that lived Mandela, that they had access to the same services of 39, education, health and even that they could not get married.
It was there, in the capital of the country, that Mandela had to go to university, contact with the NAC.
However, as state violence against blacks increased, he was forced to act as a member of the armed forces.
At first, he was part of the wing that advocated non-violent resistance strategies.
Mandela helped found and actively participated in the creation of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the arm of the CNA, also known by the acronym MK
] Guarded by the CIA
His leadership attracted so much attention that, along with the leaders of civil rights movements in the United States, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X and Medgar Evers, Mandela was guarded by the CIA
Santoro points out that Mandela's figure appeared at the same time that the United States also experienced a policy of racial segregation. As a result, black American leaders followed closely everything that was happening in Africa, for inspiration.
Therefore, Mandela can be considered "one of the great references in the anti-racist fight in century XX", according to the professor
Imprisonment for life
In 1964, Mandela was already accustomed to live hidden. A fugitive, he had already visited other African countries and even the United Kingdom to denounce the situation of black South Africans.
Then came the decision that interrupted his international denunciations. A sentence to life imprisonment for treason.
In prison, Mandela was confined and could barely receive visitors.
His wife at the time, Winnie Mandela – a woman as active as himself in the fight against racial segregation herself imprisoned on several occasions – could not either
He was not even allowed to receive information from the outside world and the newspapers did not go to jail.
Over time, Mandela is interested in learning about Afrikaans, a language that is mainly spoken at the same time as the pressures exerted by international institutions for his freedom to increase. He was honored in various parts of the world, even though he was in prison.
intolerance towards apartheid around the world has increased. The UN has come to approve sanctions against South Africa in the hope that the system of segregation would end.
But this is only when the NAC, banned in the country, threatened to increase the level of violence that white leaders decided to bargain.
At that time, Mandela seemed the ideal interlocutor, since the chain had reduced his radicalism and even possessed a higher-level diploma.
With the arrival of Frederik de Klerk in power, in 1989, negotiations for the Mandela facility advanced. The following year, the leader is released.
The teacher of the UERJ defines Mandela as a complete leader. "He was a grbadroots activist, who was organizing a strike there, went through the armed struggle, was arrested and came to the presidency of the country."
Legacy
After winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 and becoming president the following year, Mandela became one of the most well-known leaders of the planet.
His death in 2013 shocked the world. Mandela, with his calm face, taught people that racism should be replaced by love.
Yet, Santoro believes that Mandela is less known than he should be and so it is even more necessary to study his contribution as a politician, well "We have in Brazil a law (law 10639 / 3) that determines the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian culture in schools, but this is not possible due to the lack of qualified professionals at the UERJ, where I am teaches, we now have a poster in the honor of Mandela, but this is only the poster. No lectures on him or on Africa have been announced. "
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