See which vaccines are recommended in different countries; Brazil has more than 20 types in its calendar | Welfare

In the last century, vaccines have been instrumental in the control of life-threatening infectious diseases. However, in 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert stating that one in five children worldwide does not receive basic vaccines.

With the poor immunization of populations over the last decade, diseases already controlled in most parts of the world are returning to circulation with great intensity. This is the case of measles, responsible for epidemics in America and Europe; hepatitis, which already kills more than HIV; and polio.

In Brazil, at least 312 cities are under surveillance for the polio virus, also known as infantile paralysis, and between 1 January and 23 May this year, there were 995 cases of measles in the country.

• Poliomyelitis: 312 Brazilian cities have not vaccinated more than half of children up to 1 year of age

The low immunization of this decade has been attributed to anti-AIDS movements. vaccines that argue against the amount of life-sustaining vaccines, question their safety or spread conspiracy theories that link vaccines to autism or death.

and vaccinate their children.

According to the WHO, vaccines represent the most cost-effective treatment in public health, avoiding 2.5 million deaths a year and reducing the cost of specific treatments for preventable diseases.

See Immunization Worldwide:

Globally Recommended Vaccines

Among the recommended vaccines around the world are: triple, measles, rubella and mumps virus; vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B and pertussis; and annual influenza vaccination against influenza.

Each country has its national immunization schedule, which follows WHO's global and regional recommendations and may change from time to time, depending on local events.

In some European countries, the vaccination schedule is more flexible and includes fewer vaccinations compared to America. In Brazil, the diet is more rigorous, with mandatory vaccines that are usually given in the first years of life.

The National Vaccination Plan of the Ministry of Health currently offers 27 vaccinations to the whole population, of all age groups. These vaccines fight against measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, tuberculosis, yellow fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, influenza and HPV.

Every Brazilian has his own vaccination record. It is the responsibility of parents to keep the document up-to-date during childhood when most of the mandatory vaccines in Brazil are concentrated.

In addition, once a year, in the fall, as in other countries of the world, the national influenza vaccination campaign takes place. Unlike other vaccines – which have a single dose or a booster dose – the flu vaccine lasts 12 months and must be taken each year. Another difference is that it is offered free for a few months and only for at-risk groups: children from six months to five years old; adults from 60 years old; patients with chronic pulmonary, cardiac or metabolic diseases and with changes in immunity; pregnant women; indigenous peoples; deprived of their liberty; health professionals; and public school teachers.

• Should I get a flu shot every year? See answers to this question and others

There are differences between vaccination patterns in Latin American and North American countries, but in general, Vaccine-related viruses are the same. The variation usually refers to when the vaccine is taken: in Brazil, for example, the baby is already receiving the first vaccines at the maternity ward; In Canada and the United States, vaccines start to be given only after two months of life.

Special attention is therefore given to the vaccine against yellow fever, which is to enter several countries of South America, such as Brazil and Bolivia, and Central America, as in Panama, but n & # 39; 39; is not mandatory United States and Canada. And be careful: you must have taken the vaccine at least ten days before the trip. In addition, vaccines that have been taken for more than 10 years may not be considered and a second dose is required.

Another difference is the HPV vaccine, which prevents the badually transmitted virus of human papillomavirus: it is part of the calendars of Latin American countries, but is not mandatory in the countries North. In addition, BCG, which is mandatory in Brazil, is not administered in Canada.

Yellow fever is a major concern for health authorities in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia. Malaria is a major concern in sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia.

The yellow fever vaccine is mandatory in all countries of these continents. In the case of malaria, there are no vaccines, and the use of specific repellents and mosquito nets on doors and windows is the only protective measure against the mosquito that transmits the disease.

The European continent is experiencing a measles outbreak in at least 19 countries, with Greece, Romania, France and Italy being the most affected countries. The European Parliament is drawing attention to antiviral movements – mainly motivated by parents who decide not to vaccinate their children – as responsible for the onset of the virus.

• Measles cases increased by 400% in Europe in 2017, warns WHO

In some Western European countries, such as Germany, BCG – a vaccine very common in infants in Brazil and prevents tuberculosis – is no longer applied. In the European Union, BCG is only universal in Portugal, Greece and Ireland.

Vaccines from the National Immunization Program are generally not compulsory in Europe. However, in the face of the measles epidemic, laws in France, Germany and Italy require parents to specifically vaccinate their children against the virus.