March has appeared in much of the latest news of space exploration, and this is not a coincidence. After all, the red planet benefits not only from being relatively close to the Earth, but also because it is the only one (so far) to present a minimum potential for sheltering human life – in what must be our first extraterrestrial colony in the not so distant future.
It is also reasonable for governments and private institutions to commit to spending extremely high budgets to upset the planet.
With the launch and landing forecasts between 2018 and 2021, NASA and other space agency projects also intend to badess Mars in several ways: the atmosphere to the tectonic activities, the chemical composition of the soil to the climate;
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InSight (NASA)
19659005] Launched May 5, 2018, InSight is expected to hit the Martian surface on November 26. The probe from the US space agency is expected to continue the readings promoted by the Curiosity and Opportunity robots, but with one crucial difference: unlike previous missions, InSight will be stationary
because the idea is to measure the geological activity and what should help answer crucial questions about the formation of the planet about 4.5 billion years ago. NASA plans to record between 12 and 100 "martemotos" (equivalent to earthquakes) during the two-year surface mission.
NASA InSight: The stationary mission is to measure temperatures and tectonic activities of Martian soil. March 2020 (NASA)
Also NASA, March 2020 should be elevated to the space between July and August 2020, due to arrive in February 2021. The mission must collect
The probe should also measure the variations climate, winds and radiation levels of the Martian surface, as well as test technologies capable of producing oxygen and searching for water below the surface.
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (ISRO)
The second Mars Orbiter mission, of the Organization for Indian Space Research (ISRO), is still aboard the March 2020. has no date However, the project is expected to continue the readings made by the first "MOM", launched in 2014. The Indian probe should focus on atmospheric badyzes, again seeking the presence of organic elements.
ExoMars Rover (ESA)
ExoMars Rover is a joint venture between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Space Agency Roscosmos. While missions such as InSight need to focus on identifying the elements that make up the ground on Mars, the ExoMars Rover will be the first to drill it to bring samples. A two meter long borehole will remove several tests, which will be badyzed in the probe itself in search of organic molecules. ExoMars is expected to reach the red planet in 2021.
ExoMars will be the first probe to drill the surface of Mars for sample collection and on-site badysis. Mars Sample Return (NASA)
Perhaps the most complex mission to send by NASA, Mars Sample Return, as its name suggests, should bring the samples collected by previous probes. The process involves at least four phases: collecting materials and hosting in the probe; the launch of the Mars surface (something unknown); capturing the capsule into orbit of the Earth and sending it to the surface;
With the planned launch and arrival for a certain point in 2020, MSR involves a number of processes whose complexity must provide the scientific basis for a first manned mission to Mars.
