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According to Status of Child and Adolescent (ECA), " immunization of children is mandatory in cases recommended by health authorities." means that not vaccinating minors according to the vaccines of the National Immunization Plan (NIP) "is an illegal act in any case," says the chairman of the Committee on the Rights of the Child and OAB-RJ teenager, Silvana Moreira.Vaccination of a minor is mandatory in Brazil since the 1970s, when the NIP was formulated.
Parents or guardians who do not comply with the compulsory vaccination can be prosecuted for Neglect Abuse and suffer various penalties under the Bankruptcy Act . Not getting vaccinated can become a serious crime if your child gets sick because he's not vaccinated enough.
The failure of children's vaccination may result in a fine for parents.
Photo: Pixel_away / Getty Images /: According to data from Datasus, out of the 10 mandatory vaccines up to the first year of life, 9 are covered below what is recommended by World Health Organization .
For other vaccines up to 29 years of age, less than 66% of children were immunized as part of the influenza vaccination campaign in 2018. In 2017, immunization coverage against measles a disease that had been eradicated in Brazil in 2016 and this year again occurred with epidemics in the north of the country, the booster dose not exceeding 71%; the vaccine against polio another disease threatened to be returned to Brazil in 2018, the national coverage was 77% last year and at least 312 cities have polio immunization coverage less than 50% this year.
The lack of vaccination may end up favoring the return of diseases already considered eradicated "
"It is necessary to emphasize to the population that the National Immunization Program is considered a landmark in the defense of the rights to health and healthy human development" Photo: Gevende / Getty Images /, being a respected health program and hailed by international organizations, "said the chairman of the OAB-PR Commission for Children and Adolescents, Anderson Rodrigues Ferreira.
A BBC News Brazil heard the authorities on the rights of the child and the adolescent and answers the main questions on the subject.
The schedule of the Brazilian infant vaccination established by the NIP is one of the longest in the world. Vaccines should begin to be applied at birth, still in maternity when the newborn will receive vaccines BCG and Hepatitis B .
Between 2 and 12 months, it is the parents' responsibility to take the baby to the basic health units to receive penta pneumococcal pneumococcal vaccine 10-valent ] VORH ), inactivated vaccine of poliomyelitis ( VIP ), oral vaccine Poliomyelitis vaccine Meningococcal C the vaccine against yellow fever and the triple viral (measles, rubella, mumps).
DTP and DTP (19459003) PIT (19459003) (triple bacterium).
The vaccination schedule in Brazil is vast – ranges from birth to 14 years
Photo: Valdecir Galor / SMCS / BBC News Brazil
At age 4, parents should have their children immunized against chickenpox plus a booster dose of the vaccine DTC and a booster dose of VOP .
Between the ages of 10 and 19, adult double vaccines (with reinforcement every 10 years) are mandatory; a booster dose of meningococcal C ; and two doses of vaccine HPV (for girls, the doses should be applied between 9 and 14 years, for boys, should be applied between 11 and 14 years).
"Parents are responsible for the vulnerability of their children and their negligence both situations," says Ferreira, so it is considered the responsibility of parents when they refuse to vaccinate their children – this refusal may have several reasons, such as personal beliefs, religious beliefs personal reasons, etc. – or when they do not respect the vaccination schedule by simple oversight.
Vaccination not only protects your children – but also the remaining children of society
Photo: Getty Images / BBC News Brazil
According to the Statute of the Child and the Adolescent, the penalty for no compulsory child care is the collection of fine from three to 20 times the minimum wage. If these parents once again vaccinate their children, another fine of twice the first may be applied, which may reach 19,000 reais.
According to Moreira, yes. "The inability to take care of childbirth can be understood as lack of care and negligence of juvenile caregivers." This may result in the loss of family power ".
Ferreira ends by saying that before, however, authorities should try to educate parents and guardians about the importance of immunization . "The loss of custody in this case of vaccination is a more extreme decision: initially, we have to work and include that family, and not just remove the child from the family," says Dr. OAB-PR teenager. Thus, before the loss of custody, parents or guardians will receive a warning and will be directed to courses or orientation programs.
"The OAB-RJ Committee on the Rights of Child and Adolescent includes be sanctioned under the Penal Code, by manslaughter " , says Moreira: Homicide is a type of crime in which one person kills another, but with no intention of killing.
Mbad vaccination campaigns have reduced infant mortality worldwide, and also in Brazil
Photo: Scyther5 / Getty Images / BBC News Brazil
Yes. Vaccination of the NBP Yearbook is not mandatory in cases where the medical certificate confirms that the child or adolescent can not receive a vaccine for reasons health, such as being allergic to any of the vaccine components in question.
Fortunately, only a minority of Brazilians adhere to the" anti-vaccine movement ". vaccine"
Photo: Getty Images / BBC News Brazil
Moreira explains that yes. "The protection of the health of the child is provided for in Article 227 of the Federal Constitution, in which the family, society and the state have the duty to guarantee to the child , to the teenager and to the teenager the right to life, health and other fundamental rights, "he says.
In this case, the state can be found guilty if it does not guarantee the population's access to mandatory vaccines, does not guarantee the supply of basic health units or does not report diseases that have occurred in the territory and can be prevented by vaccines.
Unlike the right to health children and adolescents, immunization coverage in this group has not reached the goal since 2015. “/>
What are the compulsory vaccines for children and adolescents in Brazil?
When parents can be held responsible for the non-vaccination of their children?
Vaccination is a collective right as it also affects society as a whole in the system of immunization immunization ", explains Ferreira." Non-compliance with vaccines provided for in the NIP is, by itself, a serious act against public health, "he adds.
What is the penalty for parents or guardians who stop vaccinating their children?
Does it not respect the immunization schedule for children that results in the loss of child custody?
"What happens to parents or guardians if the child dies because of one of the diseases covered by compulsory vaccination?"
Can vaccination of children not be considered legal in any case?
"These institutions can and must load the wallet because they have to look after health of their students,"
says Moreira.
According to Ferreira, no, but they can act in favor of this child by bringing the case before authorities .
Can schools and nurseries refuse registration if the vaccination card is not up-to-date? "In this case, these places must inform the situation of this child to the Network for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents", he explains. The case will be continued before the Guardianship Council and, depending on the situation in which the child is no longer vaccinated, parents or guardians may, as explained above, be warned, fined or, finally, lose custody of the child.
Fortunately, only a minority of Brazilians adhere to the "anti-vaccine movement" "src =" https: //p2.trrsf.
Besides parents, can the state also be held responsible for the non-vaccination of a child? Fortunately, only a minority of Brazilians adhere to the "anti-vaccine movement" "”/> / / / / / / / / / 460 “/>
In addition to forgetting parents on the importance of immunize children still in childhood against already-forgotten diseases, such as diphtheria [19459005 and other serious current infections in the twentieth century, there are motions Measles composed of people who question about the effectiveness and the vaccine safety.
But according to the research of Imperial College London in England and the National University of Singapore, these movements are low in Brazil: among the Brazilians interviewed, only 4 to 6% are opposed to the vaccination, while 70% vaccine safety.
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