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According to the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (CEA), "vaccination of children is mandatory in cases recommended by health authorities". This means that not vaccinating minors according to National Immunization Plan (NIP) vaccines "is an illegal act in any case," says the chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Youth. from OAB-RJ, Silvana Moreira. Vaccination of minors has been compulsory in Brazil since the 1970s.
Parents or guardians who do not comply with the mandatory vaccination schedule may be prosecuted for negligence, ill-treatment and various penalties under the law. ACE.
Unlike the right to health of children and adolescents, immunization coverage in this group has not reached the target since 2015: according to data from Datasus, out of the 10 mandatory vaccines during the first year of life, 9 are covered by the recommendations of the World Health Organization.
For other vaccines up to the age of 29, less than 66% of children have been immunized against influenza vaccination in 2018. In 2017, measles vaccine coverage, a disease that had been eradicated in Brazil in 2016 and reappeared this year with outbreaks in the north of the country, the booster dose did not exceed 71%; the polio vaccine, another disease threatened to be returned to Brazil in 2018, national coverage was 77% last year and at least 312 cities have polio immunization coverage below 50% this year. [19659005"ThereisaneedtostressforthepopulationthattheNationalImmunizationProgramisconsideredaworldleaderinthedefenseofhumanrightsandhumandevelopmentasaprogramofthepoorandrespectedbyinternationalorganizations"saysthePresidentoftheChildren'sCommission
BBC News Brazil has heard about the Children and Young Persons Act and answers the main questions on the subject
Which vaccines are compulsory for children and teens? teenagers in Brazil?
The schedule for vaccination of Brazilian children established by the NIP is one of the longest in the world. Vaccines must be started at birth when the baby is born BCG and hepatitis B.
Between 2 and 12 months, it is the responsibility of parents to bring the baby to the base units of (VORH), inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (VIP), oral polio vaccine (OPV), meningococcal group C vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, and yellow fever vaccine.
At the age of 15 months, three other vaccines are needed: the tetra-virus (measles, rubella, mumps, chickenpox), the vaccine against hepatitis A and the DTP (triple bacterium).
At the age of 4, parents must bring their children to be vaccinated against chickenpox, in addition to a booster dose of the DTP vaccine and a booster dose of OPV.
Between 10 and 19 years, two adult vaccines every 10 years); a booster dose of meningococcal C; and two doses of the HPV vaccine (for girls, the doses should be applied between 9 and 14 years, for boys, they should be applied between 11 and 14 years)
When parents can be held Responsible
"Parents are responsible for the vulnerability of their children and their negligence, but not vaccinating them, it is exposing children to both situations," says Ferreira. Thus, it is considered that the responsibility of the parents when they refuse to vaccinate their children – such a refusal can have several reasons, such as personal beliefs, religious beliefs, personal reasons, etc.
"Parents who do not vaccinate, no matter what motive, must understand that no individual right can override the collective law." Vaccination is a collective right because "no one can do it." it also affects society as a whole, in the vaccination system, "explains Ferreira. "Lack of respect for the vaccines provided for in the NIP is in itself a serious act against public health", he adds
What is the penalty for parents or guardians who stop vaccinating their children ? ] Depending on the status of the child and the teenager, the penalty for non-compulsory vaccination of children is the perception of a fine of three to 20 times the minimum wage. If these parents vaccinate their children once again, another fine should be applied to double the first, which can reach 19,000 reais.
Failure to meet the immunization schedule for children may result in loss of custody of children?
According to Moreira, yes. "Non-compliance with the child immunization schedule may be interpreted as a lack of care and neglect on the part of minors, which may result in the loss of family power."
Ferreira adds however that the authorities should try to parents and guardians about the importance of vaccination. "The loss of custody in this case of vaccination is a more extreme decision: initially, we have to work and include this family, not just remove the child from the family," says the chairman of the OAB-PR Committee on children and adolescents. .
What happens to parents or guardians if the child dies because of one of the diseases covered by compulsory vaccination?
What happens to parents or guardians if the child dies because of a disease covered by compulsory vaccination?
"The OAB-RJ Committee on Child and Adolescent Rights understands that these parents or guardians must be punished under the Penal Code for manslaughter," says Moreira .
Yes, it is a crime that one person kills another but does not intend to kill. Vaccination of the PIN calendar is not mandatory in cases where a medical certificate confirms that the child or adolescent can not receive a vaccine for health reasons, such as being allergic to the drug. one of the components of the vaccine in question.
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Schools and nurseries may refuse registration if the vaccination card is not used day?
According to Ferreira, no, but they can act in favor of this child bringing the case to the authorities. "In this case, these places must inform the situation of this child to the Network for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents", he explains.The case will be followed by the Guardianship Council and, depending on the situation where the child is no longer vaccinated, parents or guardians may, as explained above, be warned, fined or, in the latter case, lost guarding the child.
Besides the parents, can the state also be held responsible for the non-vaccination of a child?
Moreira explains that yes "The protection of the health of the child is provided for in Article 227 of the Federal Constitution, in which the family, the society It is the duty of the State and the State to guarantee to the child, the adolescent and the adolescent the right to life. In this case, the State may be declared guilty it does not guarantee the population access to mandatory vaccines, does not guarantee the supply of basic health units or does not notify diseases.
In addition to forgetting parents on the importance of vaccinating their children in childhood as well as against diseases already occurring in the territory and that could be prevented by vaccines.
Why Do Parents Stop Vaccinating? such as diphtheria, rubella, measles, infantile paralysis, tuberculosis and other serious infections common in the twentieth century, there are anti-vaccination movements, made up of people questioning the effectiveness and the However, according to a survey conducted by Imperial College London in England and the National University of Singapore, these movements are low in Brazil: among Brazilians surveyed, only 4 to 6% are opposed to vaccination, while 70% have expressed confidence in the safety of vaccines
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