10 WHO data and a decalogue for early detection of HIV

A loop formed with poinsettias, better known as poinsettias, during the commemorative act organized by the National Coordinator for the fight against HIV / AIDS (Cesida) on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of World AIDS Day in the Plaza del Callao in Madrid. EFE / Sergio Barrenechea

On the occasion of World AIDS Day, WHO provides 10 data on HIV / AIDS:

Dato 1 . HIV infects cells of the immune system

The infection causes a gradual deterioration of the immune system and impairs the body's ability to fight against certain infections and other diseases. At the most advanced stages of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus), AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) manifests itself, which is defined by the onset of One or more opportunistic infections or cancers of more than 20 possible.

] Data 2 . Forms of Transmission of HIV

• Sexual (badl or bad) or oral bad contacts without adequate protection with an infected person
• Transfusion of Contaminated Blood or Blood Products or Transplantation of Contaminated Tissue
• Solution Exchange or Equipment Exchange 39; injection (needles, syringes) or tattooed contaminated
• Use of surgical equipment or other sharp objects contaminated
• transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or badfeeding

3 . Prevent HIV transmission

• Do not take a risk during bad, for example using condoms.
• Screen
• Avoid injecting yourself with drugs or, if necessary, using sterile needles and syringes. 19659008] Make sure all necessary blood or blood products have been tested for HIV.
• Access male medical circumcision on a voluntary basis if you live in any of the 14 countries in which the intervention is encouraged.
• If you have HIV, start antiretroviral therapy as soon as possible for your own benefit and to prevent HIV transmission to badual partners or people who use drugs or the baby (if you are pregnant or if you are pregnant badfeeding).
• ] Use pre-exposure prophylaxis before any potentially high-risk behavior; requires post-exposure prophylaxis if there is a risk of exposure to HIV.

Dato 4 . There are 36.7 million people worldwide infected with HIV, the vast majority of them in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that about 35 million people have died of AIDS, including 1.1 million in 2015.

Dato 5 . Combination antiretroviral therapy prevents HIV from multiplying in the body.

Data 6 . By mid-2016, 18.2 million people worldwide were receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Dato 7 . HIV testing can help ensure treatment for those who need it.

Data 8 . It is estimated that 1.8 million children suffer from HIV infection.

Data 9 . The elimination of mother-child transmission is becoming a reality

Dato 10 . HIV is the leading risk factor for active TB.

Decalogue for early detection of HIV

According to the figures provided by the Ministry With regard to health, consumption and social welfare, it is estimated that between 140,000 and 170,000 people living with HIV currently live in Spain, of which 18 % have not been diagnosed yet.

In 2017 alone, 3,381 new cases were reported. diagnosis, which means about seven people with the disease per 100,000 population, and this number is expected to increase.

As patient groups claim, "Prevention is where we continue to fail," as well as early diagnosis of the virus. As a result, the Spanish Society for Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the AIDS Task Force (GESIDA) have developed a "Decalogue of Recommendations for the Early Detection of HIV Infection" ] ".

1. HIV testing should be encouraged to promote early diagnosis and reduce the number of undiagnosed persons.

2 . Although there are rapid tests and self test, the definitive diagnosis is established only in specialized laboratories.

3 . The test must be voluntary, confidential, with the informed consent of the person to whom it is intended and accessible to the entire population.

4 . It can be requested at any doctor's consultation. This is also done in some pharmacies and NGOs.

5 . The test is mandatory in some cases, such as donations of blood or organs, people who participate in a program of badisted procreation techniques and who get and receive sperm.

6. The test should always be offered to pregnant women, women prisoners in penal institutions and all badually active persons aged between 20 and 59 years.

7 . It is advisable to perform the test in people who may have been exposed to HIV by contact with certain body fluids of an infected person (blood, sperm and pre-seminal fluid, badl and rectal secretions). and bad milk), as well as those with signs and symptoms. / or symptoms of infections and tumors usually badociated with HIV.

8 . A negative result does not exclude a recent infection (in the last two weeks to three months, depending on the test). Therefore, if there was a risk of exposure during this period, it is necessary to repeat the HIV test at 2-4 weeks and after three months

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