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A century ago, the last Russian tsar disappeared with all his family under long suspicious circumstances and who, even today, are the subject of controversy and divide certain sectors of Russian society. 19659002] Early in the morning of July 17, 1918 Nicholas II, the Tsarina Alexandra and her five children were executed by the Bolsheviks, who put an end to the 300 years of the Romanov dynasty at the head of the country. empire Russia
In February 1917, the difficulties of supply, a particularly harsh cold and the successive defeats of the imperial army during the First World War motivated demonstrations in the capital, Petrograd , the current St. Petersburg. The striking workers joined the protesters.
Nicholas II deployed the garrison troops of the city. But some of the soldiers mutinied. The demonstrations turned into riots and forced the unpopular Tsar to abdicate.
Se succeeded several provisional governments until the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, seized power in October.
Execution
Nicholas II attempted exile in Britain, where his cousin King George V. ruled. But the Romanovs were quickly confined in the Alexander Palace, Later they were transferred to Siberia and finally to Yekaterinburg, in the Urals, thousands of kilometers from the central power
Alarmed by the approach of the White Army in Yekaterinburg, local Bolshevik leaders decided to get rid of the Romanovs. ]
In the early hours of July 17, 1918, police commissioner Yakov Yurovski sent down the Imperial family and his house servants to the basement and read them an order of axis. "
" Nicolás turned, stunned, and tried to ask a question. Yurovski repeated his statement and then, without hesitation, shouted: "Fire!" ", Says the British historian Robert Service in" The Last of the Tsars "(The Last of the Tsars, 2017).
Nicolás, his wife Alejandra, of German origin and his 5 children between 10 and 20 years were killed, as were the servants, the maid of honor, the cook and the family doctor.
"The first bullets did not kill the younger ones, who have were slaughtered at close range, "said the Russian Orthodox Church, which canonized the entire family, recognized as a martyr in 2000.
The bodies were quickly thrown into a mbad grave in the neighborhood of 39; Ekaterinburg
The remains of Nicholas, his wife and three daughters, Anastasia, Olga and Tatiana, were found by amateur historians in 1979, but the discovery was not made public until In 1991, when the Soviet Union jumped in the air.
It was only in 1998 that the go Russian government has officially identified the bones. On 17 July 1998, the remains were buried with great pomp in the crypt of St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
"Nicholas turned, stunned, and tried to ask a question. The commissioner repeated his sentence and then, without hesitation, shouted "Fire!", Tells a British historian.
This execution is "one of the most shameful pages in our history," said the Russian president. Boris Yeltsin
The alleged remains of the zarevich Alexei and his sister Mary found in 2007, have not yet been buried, since the Church doubts their identity. They wait in boxes at the State Archives.
Rumors have circulated for many years that part of the imperial family has survived, including Grand Duchess Anastasia. And several fake claimants claimed part of the inheritance.
In 2008, the Supreme Court of Russia reinstated Nicholas II and his family, considering them victims of Bolshevik political repression.
Lenin the mbadacre?
The Russian justice closed for the second time, in January 2011, the investigation into the Tsar's execution. Investigators say that they have found no evidence that the father of the Bolshevik revolution, Lenin, ordered them to kill.
"There is no reliable document proving that Lenin was the instigator", nor the regional police chief Yakov Sverdlov, says one of the investigators
"However, when they learned that the whole family was dead, they officially approved the murder. "
Conflict between the State and the Orthodox Church, uncomfortable for Putin
At the On the occasion of the centenary of the execution of the last Russian tsar by the Bolsheviks, a conflict between the Russian state and the powerful Orthodox Church has resurfaced. What to do with the presumed remains of the imperial family?
The Orthodox Patriarch Cyril will conduct a procession Monday in memory of Nicholas II, Tsar and head of the Orthodox Church, and his wife, Alexandra Fedorovna, his 4 daughters and his son, shot at dawn on July 17, 1918 and canonized in 2000.
The Russian authorities, who have always tried not to choose between the Soviet heritage and the Tsarist heritage, do not provide for any official commemoration.
Years after the burial of the remains of the Tsar, his wife and three of his daughters, the Orthodox Church continues to refuse to acknowledge its authenticity and to accept tests of its own. DNA to confirm it.
The clergy, dominated by the conservatives, he also refuses to recognize the authenticity of the remains of two other sons of the tsar, Alexei and Maria, whose bodies were separated from the rest and were found that in 2007.
In 1998, the patriarch of the time, Alexis II, snubbed the state funeral organized by the bones of Nicholas II in the fortress of St. Peter and St. -Paul in St. Petersburg. Instead, he sent a priest to bury them as "the remains of an unknown person."
Last year, the Russian premiere of the movie "Matilda", which tells the story of love between the future Tsar Nicholas II with a dancer, has angered the most radical Orthodox , who have demonstrated that they prevented its broadcast in movie theaters.
"This film has shown that Nicholas II is a figure who can divide the orthodox society," says the expert. Roman Lunkin, from the Russian Academy of Sciences. According to Lunkin, the last Tsar is the object of an "immense cult" in the monastery near Yekaterinburg, which will be led by the procession led by Patriarch Cyril tomorrow.
President Vladimir Putin, for his part, "does not profess any Nicholas II worship" and is "less interested" in the resolution of the conflict than his predecessor, Boris Yeltsin, says expert Ksenia Luchenko, however, the situation remains "uncomfortable" for Putin, who has always positioned himself as a close ally the church, stands out
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