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When they practice a sport or musical instruments, people need a perfect coordination and response so that the mind learns to "anticipate the future". Neurologists have just discovered that for this reason, the human brain has two "clocks" and that each one fulfills its range of tasks.
Christopher Bergland, columnist for Psychology Today, shared his impressions of tennis player Roger Federer. "It seems to spectators that Federer has a sixth sense," that is, the athlete seems to guess the trajectory of the ball and is preparing for each shot in advance.
Knowing how to predict where the ball or hockey puck will be is a necessary skill of the experienced athlete. "A good hockey player plays near where the puck is, a great player plays where the puck is going to be," said hockey star Wayne Gretzky.
A team of researchers from the University of California at Berkeley was tasked with revealing how the human brain manages to "predict the future". According to the study, two areas of the brain can predict the situation and help to act in advance.
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These areas are the cerebellum and basal ganglia. These are responsible for planning specific movements when practicing musical instruments, sports or daily activities.
"Together, these two brain systems allow us not only to live at the right time, but also to anticipate the future," says neuroscientist Richard Ivry.
The scientist and his colleagues revealed that the cerebellum and basal ganglia shared their tasks. In other words, when it comes to the need to plan actions based on the previous experience, this task is that of the cerebellum. And if these are movements that must follow a certain rhythm, the ganglia become the main system.
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To reach this conclusion, the students conducted experiments on patients suffering from problems of each of the systems.
Interestingly, if one of these areas is damaged, the other tries to reward his duties.
These findings have refuted the old badumption that the entire brain is responsible for the motor capacity in sport, music or everyday life.
The results of the study not only clarified the scientific problem, but also laid the foundation for the therapy of patients with neurological problems.
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