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There are only a few weeks left before a key day when thousands of people will be reunited before Congress, pending a law that marks a fundamental change for women's badual and reproductive rights and pregnant women. As the Russian World Cup continues, Argentina is experiencing a political debate that several countries of the world have already gone through, with different results. What do the abortion laws say in the countries that went to the second round? (Photo: Nadia Díaz)
These are key days for Argentina as the bill for a safe and free abortion is debated in the Senate Chamber to be voted on August 8th. After years of feminist struggle, the claim finally became a place on the political agenda and progressed to the Parliamentary Precinct within a few historical weeks. Around the Congress, thousands of people have gathered in a tide that, until recently, would have been unthinkable and that is the symbol of the change of the era of a society that ceases to make violence invisible on women's bodies.
Many countries around the world have legalized and decriminalized abortion for a long time and have had obvious results in the health of pregnant women: public policies have reduced maternal mortality rates and those with fewer resources have stopped using
Many countries around the world have legalized and decriminalized abortion for a long time and have had obvious results in the health of pregnant women: public policies have reduced mortality rates and those who have fewer resources have ceased to use secrecy. As the day approaches to lift the cut that shows a vital advance in the field of human rights, the 2018 Russian World Cup is also progressing, where the remaining eight countries also present situations different in terms of voluntary interruption. of pregnancy.
(Read related note: This is the Cup we want to raise)
Uruguay
With Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guyana, Uruguay is one the most advanced Latin American countries in terms of legislation. With regard to abortion. The termination of pregnancy is contemplated until the twelfth week of gestation since 2012. Prior to the enactment of the law, the neighboring country has put in place the so-called program of health initiatives against induced abortion under conditions of risk, ] As we mentioned in La Primera Piedra, different scholars agree that it is this model that raised awareness of the social and health problem that implied the prohibition of abortion
Studies like the one presented by the International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics concluded that the Uruguay has become the country with the lowest maternal mortality rate in America, just behind Canada, at the time of registration. 14 deaths per 100 women
Studies like that presented by International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics ricia concluded that Uruguay has become the country with the lowest maternal mortality rate in the Americas, exceeded only by Canada, registering 14 deaths per 100 women. The badysis also indicates that the decriminalization of abortion in Uruguay reached one of the lowest rates of pregnancy termination in the world with an average of 11 , 3 out of 1,000 women, when, at the beginning of 2000, the rate was 38.5. In addition to eliminating the risks involved in the practice of abortion in a clandestine situation, infant mortality has also decreased, being one of the lowest in the world
(Read more: Abortion in Uruguay: "Pro vida we are those who reduce maternal mortality")
Photo: Diego Battiste
Brazil
In Brazil, abortion is punishable by three years in prison , except in cases of rape, risk to the health and / or life of the mother and, since 2012, fetal anencephaly, a conbad malformation in which the fetus does not develop the brain. However, at the end of the year 2016, the Supreme Federal Court reopened the debate by ruling in favor of five workers from a clandestine clinic in Rio de Janeiro who had been arrested for practicing an abortion in 2013. The judges decided, in this particular case, that the termination of pregnancy, up to the third month, can not be considered a crime, as this would violate "the various rights fundamental rights of women ". Although the decision is not necessarily binding, it can be considered a precedent for future business.
In Brazil, abortion is punishable by three years in prison, except in case of rape, risk to the health and / or life of the mother and, since 2012, fetal anencephaly , a conbad malformation in which the fetus fails to develop the brain
The reaction of the conservative sectors was immediate. After the resolution, the president of the Chamber of Deputies announced the creation of a legislative commission – made up of 18 men and a woman – to try to overturn the decision. Last November, it approved a proposed constitutional amendment (PEC 181), which establishes "guarantees for life from conception", seeking to completely prohibit abortion and eliminate even exceptions. considered. However, to be valid, this project must be approved in plenary session in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, a process that has not yet been realized.
While more conservative groups are linked to the Catholic and Evangelical Church continue to press for this law to be pbaded, the Federal Supreme Court convened for the month of August a hearing public court on the decriminalization of abortion until the twelfth week of gestation. The initiative was based on a lawsuit filed by the Socialism and Liberty Party in March 2017 to invalidate sections 124 and 126 of the Criminal Code which criminalize abortion.
(Read more: The struggle for abortion in South America: What do laws say in each country?)
Photo: Midia Ninja – The Tinta
England
England, along with the territories of Wales and Scotland, sanctioned the law on abortion in 1967 by MP David Steel's drive. The most immediate precedent was in 1936, when a court acquitted a gynecologist for performing an abortion on a woman who had been raped. Prior to the so-called Steel Act, and according to El País, it is estimated that about 30,000 abortions were performed each year under clandestine and dangerous conditions, resulting in about 2,500 admissions to the United States. Hospital . From the date of sanction, the death rate from abortions has decreased and has fallen below that of deaths at birth. Over the last few decades, several debates have taken place around the regulations that validated its operation and its necessity as a Way Committee, in 1974.
Before the so-called Steel Act, and as reported by El País, it is estimated that nearly 30,000 abortions were performed each year under clandestine and dangerous conditions, resulting in about 2,500 hospitalizations.
Initially, abortion was legal up to 28 weeks, but after a 1990 amendment the limit was reduced to 24, allowing exceptions after that time, such as the risk of life for the mother, physical or mental injury or abnormalities in the fetus. Although the law specifies certain conditions from which an abortion can be requested for sanitary, social or economic reasons, the interpretation is broad and allows the practice to any woman who requests it.
IBTimesUK
France
In France, abortion has been legal since 1975, thanks to the project promoted by the Minister of Health of the time, Simone Veil, who completed in 1972 the legalization of contraceptive methods. approved experimentally, it was finally adopted in 1979, after the positive results for women's health were observed after five years of implementation. Over time, other changes that extended the rights were made. In 2001, a reform extended the abortion period from ten to twelve weeks and, in 2014, an amendment was approved that eliminated the obligation for the woman to claim who is in distress to ask for the interruption.
In France, abortion has been legal since 1975, thanks to the project promoted by the Minister of Health of the time, Simone Veil, who completed the legalization of contraceptive methods in 1972. normative, initially approved experimentally, was finally adopted in 1979.
Although since 2013 the procedure is fully covered by the Social Security, it is only in 2017 that it was established that all medical procedures – consultations, ultrasounds, blood tests or treatments – would be entrusted to the Ministry of Public Health, thus allowing effective ratuito and universal access
Photo: TeleSUR
Russia
Soviet Russia was the first country in the world to legalize the right to abortion in 1920 a decree of the People's Commissariat for Health and Justice. This measure was accompanied by other measures such as the suppression of religious marriage, the abolition of marital and paternal authority, free divorce and the absolute equality of legitimate children and women. natural. Women can terminate their pregnancy if they decide it without having to follow a specific cause although, according to historian Wendy Goldman, a state office sets priorities according to a hierarchy based on clbad position and vulnerability scarcity of resources. The law established that the procedure was practiced in public hospitals to ensure the necessary hygienic conditions and that there was no limit of weeks to apply for it.
Soviet Russia was the first country in the world to legalize abortion in 1920, a decree of the People's Commissariat for Health and Justice. This measure was accompanied by other measures such as the suppression of religious marriage, the abolition of marital and paternal authority, free divorce and the absolute equality of legitimate children and women. natural
With the advent of Joseph Stalin in power, abortion was again banned in 1936 : it was only allowed in case there was a risk of life for the mother or when a conbad disorder has been detected. Years after the death of Stalin, in 1955, legalization was resumed during the first trimesters of pregnancy, although it is also permitted up to 22 weeks in case of suppositions such as illness, minority, lack of economic or material resources, violation, among others. By constitutional mandate, the state is responsible for all expenses. Although the discussion seems settled, in 2016, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, Kiril signed a petition – which did not flourish – to completely prohibit abortion, with the support of other religious organizations, which also pushed to exclude it from the social security system
Croatia
In Croatia, abortion is legal until 39 in the tenth week of pregnancy since 1978, when the country was still part of Yugoslavia. Unless the interruption is for violations, life risk of the woman or malformations, the procedure is not free and oscillates around 400 euros. According to data provided by a survey on the Balkan Stock Exchange for journalistic excellence, although official figures show that Croatia is the country with the lowest number of abortions in the Balkan region, the records hide another reality. A large number of health professionals allege conscientious objection, without the state doing anything to resolve the situation which leads women to terminate their pregnancies secretly and illegally. precariously.
Croatia, a large number of health professionals allege conscientious objection, without the State doing anything to resolve the situation, which leads women to terminate their pregnancies illegally and precariously
. the "pro-life" movements stepped up their campaign against the voluntary termination of pregnancy, which marks a strong weight of conservatism in society. To give an example, according to an Amnesty International panel, pharmacies force women to complete a questionnaire on their badual behavior and reproductive health before providing them with emergency contraceptives. In February 2017, the Constitutional Court was asked to reform the law on abortion. Although the appeal was dismissed and the National Assembly was asked to refrain from pbading a law banning abortion in practice, found that the current law needs to be updated by parliament in the next two years.
(Read more: How does conscientious objection affect the legalization of abortion?)
Photo: MundoTKM
Belgium
Abortion is partially decriminalized twelfth week of pregnancy in the event that the pregnancy produces "a state of anxiety / crisis" to the woman. After this period, the pregnancy can be interrupted in case of danger to the health of the woman and when the risk to the fetus is "extremely serious and incurable disease". This law dates back to 1990, with the Lallemand-Michielsens Act, which generated an episode unprecedented in Belgian history: then King Baldwin – who was to sign the bill to come into force – was refused his approval alleging conscientious objection. In search of a constitutional solution, the monarch temporarily delegated his powers to the Council of Ministers who finally signed and sanctioned the law.
Recently, the Belgian Federal Parliament debated a series of proposals to completely decriminalize abortion, If the woman or health professionals do not respect the badumptions set out in the articles of the Penal Code they could still be liable to fines or imprisonment.
Recently, the Belgian Federal Parliament debated a series of proposals to completely decriminalize abortion, since, in the event that women or health professionals n & # 39; 39, do not adhere to the badumptions established in the articles of the Penal Code, they could still be sentenced to fines or imprisonment. In addition to the 12-week limit, the other conditions are to wait for a period of six days after the first medical consultation to continue the procedure and be compulsorily informed of the adoption services . Conscientious objection is also a problem: the physician may resort to it without having to send the woman back to another person who is interrupting. In recent years, six proposals have been submitted to Parliament, but changes have not yet been made.
(Read more: Abortion: why is it necessary to talk about legalization and not decriminalization?)
: New papers
Sweden
In Sweden , abortion is legalized for specific cases in which the life of the mother is in danger since 1938 . In 1965, the government appointed a commission to produce a report to update the legislation. This study focused on two aspects: the elimination of the deadlines at which abortion was submitted and the attribution of a decisive role to the will of women. It was in 1975 that the free termination of pregnancy was legalized until the 18th week of gestation, including in the Social Security so that it was not necessary to do so. there is no charge for those who request it. At that time, the law was also supplemented by other regulations such as family planning services, reducing the cost of contraceptives and disseminating information on badual and reproductive rights.
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