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Its complication can affect the nervous system and the myocardium. Although this disease can occur at any age, children under five are the most affected.
It is a highly contagious infectious infectious disease through the respiratory tract. It is caused by the bacterium "Bordetella pertussis".
It is characterized by an inflammation of the bronchial trachea characterized by a violent cough accompanied by a sensation of suffocation that ends in an acute noise (convulsive or convulsive coughing) during inspiration.
Its complication can damage the nervous system and the myocardium (heart tissue). Although it can reach people of any age, it is more free for children under 5 years old.
It spreads in spring and summer. Worldwide, more than 50 million cases of pertussis have been reported, although this number is decreasing thanks to the vaccination of children.
Nevertheless, despite the high coverage of vaccines against this disease, it is one of the diseases with a high rate of predictable deaths due to vaccination. These occur in children who are not vaccinated or who have received incomplete vaccination because these are three doses needed to complete total protection of the child.
Treatment
Treatment relies on antibiotics, macrolides such as erythromycin or clarithromycin, if they start early enough in the cold phase.
Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, when antibiotics may not be very effective.
However, they can eliminate the presence of bacteria in secretions and quickly reduce the patient's ability to transmit the disease to others.
Erythromycin is usually administered at a dose of 50 mg / kg daily, divided into 2 doses or at a maximum of 2 g / day. The treatment should last 15 days.
Azithromycin is given to children at 10 mg / kg on day 1 and then at 5 mg / kg on days 2 to 5 as a single daily dose. In adults, it is usually prescribed 500 mg on the first day and 250 mg on days 2 to 5
Cotrimoxazole can also be used in adults at 800 mg every 12 hours for 15 days. Erythromycin is related to the occurrence of pyloric stenosis in susceptible newborns.
Babies under 18 months of age should be constantly monitored, as their breathing may be temporarily interrupted during coughing attacks. Hospitalization of children under 6 months when whooping cough is serious is justified. It allows the creation of a narrow cardio-respiratory monitoring and specialized nursing system during the most critical phase. Similarly, the fluids can be administered intravenously and provide appropriate hydration and nutritional status if the coughing fits are severe enough to prevent the patient from tolerating the oral route.
Prevention
The pertussis vaccine is usually given in combination with the diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. Vaccination authorities recommend that the vaccine be given at the age of 2, 4, 6 and between 15 and 18 months, and later between 4 and 6 years. Maintaining good immunization coverage has significantly reduced pertussis morbidity and mortality.
The most effective control measure is to maintain the highest possible level of vaccination in the community (group vaccination).
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