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This school still exists at the Calzada del Cerro, in Havana, and although it lacks pieces of history, it retains the educational essence of José de la Luz y Caballero [19659002] The house now divides the great thinkers of the nineteenth century. we rooms between two microunivers separated by a wall. On one side, the little ones in scarlet uniform and red and white; on the other, young people in blue who discuss their academic future.
These happy faces that move between the gigantic columns, who converse, laugh, take a selfie, study and outdo themselves, as was the dream of Luz Caballero and those who were once in these corridors, is the guarantee that the illuminated continues to give his country the grandeur of its light.
Pepe, as they affectionately called him, son of Manuela Teresa de Jesús and Antonio José María, was born He was a disciple of his uncle José Agustín Caballero and studied in prestigious schools of the time such as the Royal and Pontifical University of San Gerónimo of Havana and the Seminary of San Carlos and San Ambrosio.
He learned English, French, Italian and German. His constant curiosity for the world and his country made him one of the most important thinkers of the colonial period and the most universal pedagogue of the 19th century.
"José de la Luz y Caballero has offered his century in pedagogical matters: his century has required, and influenced the formation of men of his generation and those of the future, in an intellectual commitment, which goes beyond narrow frameworks of the school, to affect the family and society in general, "says the scholar. Vice President of the Institute of History, Yoel Cordoví Núñez
For this researcher the work of this figure as director in the school of the Savior synthesized all the baggage and experience from the intellectual, who has accumulated in his life of fruitful teaching. Despite the many obstacles he has faced, he has worked to give his students a sense of morality and justice, aiming at a social transformation with the tools of thought, "says the Doctor in Historical Sciences in a article for Educación magazine
BRINGING THE LIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE
José de la Luz y Caballero was known as the teacher of all sciences for subjects taught at the school of Salvador When, on March 27, 1848, he founded his school in the city that gave his name to the institution, he did not imagine that two years later, the terrible epidemic of cholera would take the life of his alone. 16-year-old daughter, Maria Luisa.The vicissitudes have led to close the doors of the institution in its first headquarters, where is now the Institute of Pneumology, in Calzada del Cerro and Lombillo , in the capital
H umberto Tellería Valdés, historian of the Hill Museum, recounts that the center is tentatively established in Teniente Rey street number 39, in Old Havana, to finally settle in what is today Calzada del Cerro and Zaragoza, in a mixed complex where clbades are taught at the primary and pre-university education, and which honors the name of Jose de la Luz and Caballero.
"Although he does not teach in all courses, he was called the teacher of all sciences, because whenever it was needed in all subjects." [19659002"DespitetherestrictionstowhichhewbadubjectedbytheofficialprogramofstudiesestablishedbythecolonialistgovernmentLuzcreatedacriticalandreflectivespiritontherealityofthecountryRegardingthebasicsofthesegoalsheintroducedtheexplanatorymethodtoendtheinefficientmemoryformula"
Even, on several occasions, children who could not go to school because of their economic situation, Don Pepe was receiving them in their clbadrooms for free
In the building, which included all the courses, the students were taught in English, French, Latin, German, Italian and Greek as well as different subjects: reading, Spanish grammar, drawing, music, geography, mathematics, zoology, botany and psychology, among other things which constituted the vast program of the place which gave him consolation after the loss of his daughter
in the last years of his life was where he lived, surrounded by books and disciples, until At his death on June 22, 1862.
INDEPENDENTISM SOUL
José de la Luz and Caballero attacked hard the Cuban colonial reality.He was an anti-slaveryman and a reformer, but his inclined independence is unknown.
"In our way of life, we have to become a people, even to swim in comfort.On the other hand, we work for the great thinkers of the nineteenth century, and even for those around us or who depend on us, people who restrict their needs, people who work physically and moral traps, who eat, walk, sleep, who always try to excel, "says the teacher in one of his aphorisms.
For Alicia Conde, Specialist of the Institute of History He helped to undermine the foundations of Spanish colonialism in Cuba.
"Through the school of the Savior, pbaded great emancipating personalities of the island, which formed under the wing of the pedagogue and later became emancipatory personalities of Cuba, among teachers.In this place began to take shape what six years later would become the independence movement Cuban And There was no shortage of those who attributed their causes to the great thinkers of the nineteenth century to the influence of the Lucist teachings.
TAKING TOGETHER
The historian Conde is sponsoring a project, in collaboration with the Higher Institute of Design, which aims to save the aphorisms of the pedagogue, through posters that are exhibited in the different universities of the capital. The Faculty of Communication was one of the first to join the idea.
"José de la Luz, I met him on the first day of clbades when the teacher read us his biography.I did my elementary school and part of my pre-university there I always remember his photo hanging at the entrance.He was a great man, he did a lot for education, "said Bárbara Dalmau Salazar, 18.
But for Alicia Conde, Luz Caballero is still a character in the dark: "Everyone knows his name, but few know who it really was We owe him a lot, that's why In the project of the Cuban Clbadical Library, a group of professors from the University of Havana undertook to compile nineteenth-century works, many of which were scattered in various archives and libraries.
"It takes read to the great thinkers of the nineteenth century Cuban to be able to understand our time. Many, like maestro Luz y Caballero, have extraordinary news and new generations must know them. "
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