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Al Nahda Dam
The Al Nahda Dam is located on the Blue Nile in the state of Benishnul-Qamaz near the Ethiopian-Sudanese border, at a distance of 20 to 40 kilometers and will become in 2017 the largest hydroelectric dam on the African continent. Worldwide in the largest dam list for the production of electricity. The cost of completion is estimated at $ 4.7 billion. It is one of three dams built for the purpose of hydropower generation in Ethiopia.
Background
Riparian riparian states were formerly colonies of foreign countries and then became independent. The first Nile water sharing agreements were signed in Addis Ababa in 1902 between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, with no plans on the Blue Nile, Lake Tana and Lake Nile. Subat river, and an agreement between Great Britain and France in 1906. This agreement includes the approval of the Nile Basin countries with Egypt's share of the Nile water.L & Egypt has the right to oppose in the case of the establishment of these countries new projects on the river and its tributaries. This agreement was concluded between Egypt and Great Britain (representing Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan and Uganda) to regulate access from Egypt to Lake Victoria and 7. , 7% of the flow to Sudan and 92.3% to Egypt
1956-1964: Great Dam of the Ethiopian Renaissance by the US Bureau of Reclamation [الإنجليزية] (Department of the United States). State) during a survey of the Blue Nile conducted between 1956 and 1964 without reference to Egypt under the 1929 Convention.
Study site of Ethiopia.
In November 2010, the design of the dam was completed [19659003] On March 31, 2011, a contract of $ 4.8 billion was awarded without tender for the Italian company Salini Costruttori
March 31, 2011. On April 2, 2011, former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi laid the foundation stone of the dam. A rock crusher was built with a small highway heliport
On April 15, 2011, the Ethiopian Cabinet renamed the dam as the Great Dam of the Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD). It was first dubbed "Project X" and after the announcement of the project contracts, it was called the "Millennium Dam".
In May 2011, Ethiopia announced that it would share dam plans with Egypt to study the dam downstream. In March 2012, the Ethiopian government announced an upgrade of the design of the Al Sadd power plant from 5,250 MW to 6,000 MW. The first two generators should be operational after 44 months of construction
Egypt (located at the mouth of the river) is opposed to the construction of this dam, which will certainly reduce the amount of water received from the Nile.
Ethiopia) – according to an undisclosed study – the dam will not reduce the availability of water in the estuary and will also regulate water for irrigation.
• The dam is financed by government loans and private donations. It is expected to be completed in July 2017.
Impact of the dam on Ethiopia
The Blue Nile being a very seasonal river, the dam will reduce flooding, especially 40 km from the mainland. interior of Ethiopia. On the one hand, the dam will reduce floods and is beneficial as it protects settlements from damage caused by floods. On the other hand, the dam can be detrimental because the proportion of agriculture will be reduced due to the decline of floods in the river valley up to the estuary, thereby depriving the fields of water.
Influence on Sudan and Egypt
Unknown Egypt worries about a temporary decrease in water availability due to the period Filling and permanent decline due to the evaporation of the reservoir
The volume of the reservoir is approximately equivalent to the annual flow of the Nile to the Egyptian-Sudanese border (65.5 billion cubic meters).
This loss is likely to spread to downstream countries over several years. It has been reported that filling the reservoir could result in the loss of 11 to 19 billion cubic meters of water per year, which would result in the loss of two million farmers' income during the tank fill period. It is also alleged that this will affect the electricity supply of Egypt from 25% to 40%.
The dam will retain mud. Thus, it will increase the life span and benefit from dams in Sudan – such as the Rusairas Dam, the Sennar Dam and the Merow Dam – and the Aswan High Dam in Egypt. The beneficial and detrimental effects of flood control will affect the Sudanese part of the Blue Nile, just as it will affect the Ethiopian part of the Blue Nile Dam. [23]
Reactions: Cooperation and Conviction
Egypt has serious concerns about the project While it has requested the inspection and inspection of the Dam design and studies, to calm fears, but Ethiopia rejected this request unless Egypt waives the right to veto the distribution of water . After a meeting between the Egyptian, Sudanese and Ethiopian ministers in March 2012, Sudanese President Bashir backed the construction of the dam.
Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan have established an international committee of experts to review and evaluate the study reports. Composed of 10 members, 6 experts from 3 countries and 4 international experts in the fields of water resources, hydrological modeling, dams, socio-economic and environmental engineering, the group held its fourth meeting in Addis Ababa in November 2012. It has reviewed the documents on the dam's environmental impact. Their initial report to the governments concerned at the end of May 2013. Although the full report has not been presented publicly, it will not even be examined by the Egyptian and Ethiopian governments and the details of their release are included.
The Ethiopian government said that according to the report, the dam is based on According to the Egyptian government, the report "recommended changing and altering the size and size of the dam".
According to the Egyptian Government, international standards and principles do not mention these norms and principles. On June 3, 2013, as they discussed the report of the International Panel of Experts with former Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, Egyptian political leaders proposed ways to destroy the dam, including supporting anti-government insurgents. Without the knowledge of those present at the meeting, the discussion was moved live. Ethiopia asked the Egyptian ambbadador to explain the meeting.
The Morsi Senior Assistant is excused for "unintentional embarrbadment" and his government issued a statement encouraging good neighborliness, mutual respect and the pursuit of common interests without hurting any of the other parties.An Assistant Prime Minister of Ethiopia said that Egypt is "… today you have the right to dream" In the past, the attempt of Egypt to destabilize Ethiopia. Morsi think that it is better to enter Ethiopia rather than trying to force them. However, on June 10, 2013, he stated that "all options are open," because "the water safety in Egypt can not be violated," explaining that he "does not call" not to war, "but that it will not allow
Killed Director of the project" Dam of the Renaissance "
Ethiopian police announce that the project director" Dam al-Nahda ", whose body was found in his car, died. "We confirmed that the engineer Simigni Bekele died of bullets," Zino Jamal, head of the Ethiopian Federal Police, told reporters. "The Ethiopian reported that the director of the Nahda al-Nahda dam project was found in his car.
The newspaper reported that he was found dead while his engine was still running, as police arrived on site.
The New York Times revealed new details about the murder of the director of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam project, who was found dead inside his car.
The newspaper pointed out that the badbadination of the engineer Simgnio Bekili Mita caused angry reactions in Ethiopia, both at the local level and at the official level.
The newspaper reported that Bekele was in The capital Addis Ababa is a day for a press conference about the repeated postponements of the project, amid fears of corruption and mismanagement.
The New York Times reported that his death had occurred a few hours before the conference. 19659003] "In May, The man spoke to everyone, expressing his optimism about the Al-Nahda dam's layout, explaining that only one-third of the project is the rest, and putting an end to the concerns of downstream countries, including the lack of energy. Egypt. "
He said at the time that successive delays in the project could not be counted.
Beckyle is 57 years old and has always emphasized the importance of the Renaissance Dam for the Ethiopians who have been out of their pockets for According to the New York Times, the newspaper cited earlier statements from the senior official, who said that the dam project is "our child", with reference to the Ethiopians. He added, "This is not what I say alone But all Ethiopians. "
His death was a major shock to Ethiopia," said Prime Minister Abe [19579003] 
The Ethiopian media published photos of the murder scene of the Nahdha Samangao Bekley Dam Project Director, confirming that Samangao Bekley's body had been transferred to St. Paul's Hospital to investigate the causes of death. [EthiopianDesdizainesatAddis-AbebafemmeshommesevengensseesprecipitatedtotheplacewhereitwasfoundBechleandshowcreeningthegreatnessofthemeatofthemeatofhomedatheheartofEthiopians
A Reuters witness Hundreds of people gathered in Addis Ababa on Thursday to protest the murder of the director of the Nahdha Dam Project
.
"He received a e ball in the back of his right ear "and a Colt pistol was found in the car.
Asked if the gun belonged to the dead, Zain said, "This is not confirmed." 19659003] speaks with Egypt, which relies on the Nile as the main source of water, and with Sudan on the differences on the impact of the dam on it has been blocked for months. One of the main points of contention between Ethiopia and Egypt is the rapid filling of the dam reservoir.
million. Zain said the police had collected criminal evidence and had spoken to witnesses.
In June, the Egyptian and Ethiopian leaders pledged to peacefully resolve the differences between the two countries and agreed on the measures to be taken to establish an investment agreement in the two countries. three countries. The Ethiopian father Ahmed on Twitter that my father "felt very sad and shocked" on hearing the news of Simgnio's death.
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