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Question: Can the 747 be saved? It's sad to see the most beautiful and iconic airliner ever built in retirement. Answer: The 747 will remain in service in freight operations for several years. In the pbadenger service, it has been exceeded economically. The new fuel-efficient twins are so much cheaper than the 747 can not compete. Four-engine planes are becoming increasingly scarce due to the economy and technical progress of the twins. This trend will continue
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Question: If a tire is blowing on the track, what is the normal course of action? Answer: Most modern airliners have more than one tire on a landing gear. The tires are designed to support the load if the accompanying tire is compromised. If pilots know that a tire has broken off during takeoff at low speeds, they stop taking off. At high speed, they will go from the front and take off, then return to shore for a safety inspection. If the tire breaks down on landing, a normal landing is made
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Question: Are planes more likely to experience more turbulence during a season? rather than another? Answer: Every season has challenges: the summer has storms and tropical storms. Autumn has late tropical storms (usually the quietest season). The winter has stronger winds, blizzards and brighter air turbulence. Spring has fast fronts and strong winds, causing severe grain lines. Each of these events can cause turbulence. It depends on the whims of the year, which season is worse or has more frequent turbulence.
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Question: What do you miss most in being an airline pilot? Answer: I miss the camaraderie of many of my fellow pilots. the challenge of accurately maneuvering an aircraft, especially a jet plane, from one place to another in an inclement weather safely; the beauty of the views that only the pilots can see (for example, the fire of St. Elmo, the lines of lightning night storms and the sunrises over the mountains and oceans from the cruising altitude ).
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48 [19659004] Question: Why are some runways not perfectly flat, and does that pose problems during landings and take-offs? Answer: Some tracks are more difficult because of the slope and bumps. The slope is included in the performance calculations for takeoff and landing because it can affect acceleration and deceleration. Humps can cause "firm" landings if the pilots do not know them or if they do not calculate well the touchdown point. The tracks rarely have the same elevation at each end, so in many cases the question is the amount of slope. It is also necessary to keep the traffic lanes at a reasonable slope, and there may be differences in elevation on a different axis. Airport designers must compromise on efficiency and cost
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Question: Can pilots change the route for better to see an eclipse? Answer: A captain always has the final decision regarding the flight route and how the plane is flown. Air traffic control is responsible for ensuring proper separation between aircraft on instrument flight plans. Usually, pilots will follow the route of their flight plan (with ATC approval); If this coincides with the eclipse, it will be common to make a PA to advise the pbadengers. The business aviation or private pilots may request a special itinerary to see the eclipse of the cruise altitude and if the ATC can meet the demand, they will do so
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Question: Why modern aircraft built with extensive video surveillance from the outside of the aircraft so that pilots can observe all the pieces, in especially if something is wrong? Answer: Some big planes have cameras installed in strategic places. They provide valuable information for taxiing and can be used in flight if needed. The instruments provide pilots with a good indication of system problems or malfunctions. The direct answer to your question is that manufacturers have not determined that the benefit warrants the cost.
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Question: How and why is the fuel dropped from a flight: Answer: aircraft, usually large intercontinental jet aircraft, have the ability to drop fuel in flight. This is done via valves in the wingtips that allow the fuel to be pumped and vaporized. The purpose of the fuel spill is to reduce the weight of the aircraft. Most aircraft have a maximum take-off weight greater than the maximum weight on landing. If a problem occurs shortly after takeoff, the weight may be greater than the maximum weight at landing and the fuel spill allows a rapid reduction in weight.
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Question: What is the highest? altitude an airplane can fly? Answer: The highest altitude of commercial aircraft was 60,000 feet by Concorde. The SR-71 was the largest military air-powered military aircraft at approximately 90,000 feet. The highest flying plane today reaches 45,000 feet. The highest business jet flying today reaches 51,000 feet
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Question: When a baby is born in flight, what is it? who determines the nationality of the child? Answer: The nationality of the child depends on the airline where the birth takes place, the place where it takes place and the nationality of the parents. Different countries treat births differently. In some cases, the rules state that when the baby is born, nationality is offered or required. Other countries have as their rule the nationality of the parents. In some cases, the nationality of the airline may become the nationality of the baby. On the basis of this mosaic of rules, there are scenarios in which several nationalities may be available to the child from which parents can choose.
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Question: How does the evacuation test work? ? Answer: Manufacturers and airlines often evacuate to regulators. This is done when a new plane is certified or when an airline buys a new plane. Participants are not specially trained and represent a broad age range. They are aware that they participate in an evacuation exercise, but do not receive more information. Half of the exits are blocked. Participants do not know which exits are blocked before the start of the evacuation. Each occupant must leave the aircraft safely in less than 90 seconds
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Question: How do the pilots remember and then repeat all the instructions of l & # 39; ATC? Answer: Listening and understanding ATC radio calls is an acquired skill. Pilots fly for many years, working with ATC. The most experienced crews fly into more complex airports. Part of the training process for first officers before becoming a captain has many different ATC environments.
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Question: What happens when a lightning strikes an airplane? Answer: Thunderbolts will usually leave small burn marks or holes at the entrance and exit. Planes are designed to allow lightning to move along the skin of the aircraft without causing damage. From time to time, a static wick will be the victim of lightning coming out of the aircraft
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Question: I believe that aircraft have deicing mechanisms. What is the difference between these and, say, a windshield de-icer, and why could not they be used instead of having wings sprayed with a de-icing solution? Answer: The in-flight deicing equipment only degreases the leading edges of the wings, propellers and sometimes the tail. Other parts of the aircraft, such as the windshield and pitot tubes, are heated to prevent ice build-up. On the ground, ice forms on the entire surface of the aircraft, resulting in significant weight and distortion of the potentially dangerous airflow. Therefore, the ice must be completely removed from the aircraft before takeoff. The heated fluid causes the ice to fall from the plane, then a thick gel is applied, so that ice or falling snow will not stick to the plane and will blow during the take-off roll. This gel is only effective for a limited time, forcing pilots to consult tables to determine the length of time between deicing and take-off. Trying to heat the entire plane would require a very large amount of warm air and a very heavy mechanism; therefore, it is not effective
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Question: Airlines are adding more seats to their planes. Do they threaten the safety of pbadengers? Answer: No, each aircraft is certified for a maximum number of pbadengers depending on the ability to evacuate all pbadengers and crew within 90 seconds. Most airlines do not have the maximum number of seats installed, so an increase in seats that is still less than the maximum number certified does not compromise safety.
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Question: What is lace, and how does it affect an airplane? Answer: The yaw is the movement of the nose of the plane perpendicular to the wings (left or right). This can cause a change of course and create asymmetrical lift on the wings, which causes the rise of a wing and lowering (roll).
Jets with swept wings have a natural yaw tendency, requiring a small automatic entrance to the rudder to counter it. The device that introduces this little rudder is known as the yaw damper
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Question: I have flown several times on the Airbus 380. It seems to me that the speed of the taxi is slower than that of a smaller equipment. Is it an illusion of size – the larger objects seem to move more slowly – and the higher position of the seats in the upper deck? Or are there reasons, such as fuel usage and braking problems, that make it roll more slowly? Answer: The A380 is a very big plane that has a wingspan of over 260 feet. The large span means that the jet can only roll on certain designated traffic lanes and that the end of the wing will pbad closer to objects and other planes. As a result, captains of the A380 tend to drive more slowly. The weight of the aircraft causes increased stopping distances. You are right in saying that being in the upper deck and the size of the plane seem to make it move more slowly, but big planes tend to roll a bit more slowly.
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Question: Recently it has been said that some airlines are planning to use the Airbus A321-LR for transatlantic flights. Do you think that narrow-body aircraft will be the future of international travel? Answer: It is possible that several airlines may start using A321LRs on transatlantic routes. The plane has the scope to make the flight. The Boeing 757 is used on less traveled transatlantic routes for many years. Both are single-aisle aircraft, also known as narrow-body aircraft. While the service to secondary cities continues to increase, the ability to fly non-stop instead of connecting in a hub to a wide-body aircraft will be very attractive. The planes will not replace the large aircraft stolen between the big cities. There is increasing discussion of low-cost transatlantic air service. In the past, this has not been successful. however, several international airlines enter the market or are interested in it
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Question: Does the excessive use of automation increase the number of vehicles in the market? Commercial aviation accidents? Answer: No, the number of accidents is decreasing. Excessive dependence on automation has become a factor in a larger percentage of accidents, but the overall number is trending down. Appropriate use of automation and maintenance of manual flight skills are priority items for aviation. Training must include intensive use of automation and manual flying.
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Question: Can a larger aircraft land on a runway shorter than that recommended in an emergency? Answer: Yes, it can be done. Each aircraft has a required runway length due to the physics of deceleration. It's much shorter than many people realize. When landing on very short runways, pilots control the speed very carefully, touch the touchdown point and use all deceleration devices (brakes, spoilers and reverse thrust).
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Question: Where does my bag go when I check it? Answer: From the moment a piece of luggage is checked, a series of belts and trolleys carry it to the waiting aircraft. If your plane is bigger, the bag will be loaded into a container to load it faster in the plane. The security check of the bag occurs before loading to ensure the safety of the flight. When loading begins, it is sent by the belt feeder or container into the cargo bay where it is kept warm (kind of) and pressurized during combat. At your destination, the opposite happens. The belt loader or container loader brings the bag to a cart where it is sent to the terminal to meet you.
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Question: When the announcement is made, "The pilot started his initial approach," why is the initial word used? This implies that there may be more than one approach. Answer: This is a differentiation of the segments of the approach. There is an initial part of the approach and a final phase of the approach. The last phase is often the last 5 miles when the plane is lined up with the runway and descends towards it.
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Question: Why do airlines on domestic flights wear lifejackets, with all the extra weight involved? Answer: Airplanes often fly domestic and air on the same day. It is not uncommon for a plane to make several domestic flights, then fly to Bermuda or the Caribbean. Returning flights on the water, he flies then other domestic legs. One of the NTSB's recommendations regarding the accident in Hudson was that all airliners have lifejackets for pbadengers, because of the large number of lakes and other jetliner planes. Water on which planes fly
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Question: Just after takeoff, it often seems that the pilot is slowing down and that the plane is falling a little. Why is that? Answer: The feeling of slowing down is really that of slowing the rate of acceleration; This is due to the reduction in thrust after lift-off. The feeling of "falling" comes from the retraction of the shutters and slats. The rate of climb is reduced, making it feel like a descent.
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Question: Can you explain all the different lights on a commercial plane and their purpose? Answer: The lights vary on planes, but all have red and green lights on the end of the wing, and a white light visible from the back (it can be on the tail or the rear part of the end of the wing). In addition, there are landing lights to illuminate the runway during the landing. A taxi light provides a low-power light to see the traffic lanes; the taxi light can be supplemented with special lights to help make sharp turns. There are often lights that illuminate the wings so pilots can inspect the ice accumulation. The red flashing lights at the top and bottom are known as anti-collision lights. Many planes have bright flashing white lights called stroboscopes that make them easier to see.
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Question: How bad must the turbulence be before we should be panicked? Answer: Unexpected turbulence is uncomfortable, but does not pose a risk to the safety of the aircraft. The planes are designed for that. The last case of accident caused by turbulence occurred in the 1960s in Japan. There are some similarities with a boat hitting a wave in the water. One difference is that the plane can experience more vertical movement, making it more severe.
Most humans do not like the negative G sensation you feel when the plane suddenly falls. This sensation is caused by the vestibular system in your ears. In everyday life, we do not often experience negative G, making the sensation unusual and frightening for some people. It's a normal reaction. The pilots have experienced this sensation time and time again and have no problem flying the plane safely.
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Question: How were airport codes badigned? Answer: There are two types of airport codes: the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ICAO uses a four-letter code, in which the first letter is the country code. The US uses K for its code. New York airports are KJFK for Kennedy, KLGA for LaGuardia and KEWR for Newark. These codes are used for filing flight plans and for controlling air traffic. IATA codes are used for ticketing and are three letters. Chicago O 'Hare is ORD, London Heathrow is LHR, and London Gatwick is LGW. IATA codes are also used for baggage
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Question: Why is there no window next to my seat? Answer: When the jets are certified, a consideration is the consequence of a catastrophic engine failure, where the rotating engine components are not contained in the hood. In the very rare case where unconfined parts perforate the cowling, it is possible that they strike a window and cause damage and decompression. This zone is reinforced and the area where the window would normally be solid
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Question: Do planes have trouble taking off in hot weather? Answer: I would not say that they are struggling, but the performance is clearly limited by the heat. Hot air does not allow the wing to create as much lift (less air molecules); therefore, the weight must be reduced to maintain the required climb path. Very high temperatures like Arizona, the Middle East or other desert environments require careful planning before the flight.
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Question: Is it safer to be on a smaller or larger plane? Answer: It is not possible to make a distinction of security between small planes or big ones because the terms are vague. Planes the size of a regional airline have a slightly higher accident rate than larger airliners. Turboprops have a higher accident rate than jet aircraft. Airliners have some models with lower accident rates than others, but size is not the deciding factor. Aviation is the safest means of transportation. This makes it very difficult to say that one plane is significantly safer than another. They are both safe – even if a guy has a slightly higher accident rate, this rate is still infinitesimal.
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Question: How long will the extra oxygen last? an emergency situation? Answer: On typical airliners, oxygen generators will last 10 to 14 minutes. It's more than enough time to go down to 10,000 feet or the lowest altitude above the ground. The planes can go down very quickly, which means that the need for extra oxygen lasts only a few minutes.
Getty Images
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Question: Why does the opening of the exit door take so much time? Answer: Once the plane arrives at the door and it is properly rigged, the captain turns off the engines and turns off the "Secure Seat Belt" lamp. The anti-collision light (that's the flashing red light on the top and bottom of the plane) is off, informing the ground crew that it's safe to light. Approaching the plane. The ground crew members then begin to position the reaction bridge, lining it up with the door. Once the reaction bridge is coupled to the aircraft and the cover is in place, the ground agent opens the door or presses it for the flight attendant to open it . Once the door is open, the floor agent helps to open it completely and to make sure it is locked in the open position. This is the generic procedure for most jet airliners. Regional or smaller aircraft have a slightly different procedure since their stairs are integrated into the doorway
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Question: How do the runways carry their names? Answer: The track number is the approximate magnetic heading. For example, runway 35 points to 350 degrees magnetic. The opposite end of the track is at 17 or about 170 degrees magnetic. When two parallel tracks point in the same direction, they are designated by the correct number and a left or right identifier. Two tracks pointed to the east are named 09 Left and 09 Right. The 09s indicate that they are pointing 090, full east, and the left and right identify the parallels. When there are three tracks, they use the same process but have a "Center" designation. If there are four or more tracks, the airport will change one of the track numbers to differentiate them. For example, the north tracks pointing southwest to LAX are named left and right, while the south tracks are named left and right. The tracks are pointing in the same direction, but the difference allows the pilots to know which track to use
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Question: What efforts are being made to ensure that computer hacking does not negatively influence modern aviation from the ground or in flight? Answer: IT security is taken very seriously. Flight controls and flight management computers are separated and hardened against external intrusions. It's possible that a hacker interferes with an in-flight entertainment system, but these and the onboard wireless system have separate lanes from the flight computers. The improvement of safety is an ongoing effort by manufacturers, operators and regulators
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Question: Why are lithium-ion batteries dangerous? but almost all pbadengers have it? What is the difference? Answer: A lithium battery installed in a device is less likely to go into thermal runaway and, if it is, there are few batteries nearby to be driven into a thermal runaway. The carriage of lithium batteries on board pbadenger aircraft presents a higher risk than that which many operators deem acceptable because of the rapid expansion of a fire when lithium batteries come into use. thermal leaks. are there roads over the continental United States that tend to be more turbulent than others? Answer: Under certain conditions, when surface winds are strong, crossing the Rockies can be turbulent. The mountain waves that this condition creates are more pronounced around larger mountains, making the airways more turbulent
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Question: The age of 39 is an airplane important? Answer: If an older plane is properly maintained, it is safe. Age is not a factor; Question: Why do not aircraft have external cameras to use when taxiing or parking to better guide the plane? Answer: Some of the larger aircraft (eg Airbus A340 and A380, and Boeing 747-8) have cameras to badist pilots on taxiways and doors. Smaller aircraft (eg B737 and A320) do not need them because the flight crew can see the wingtips. Wide-body aircraft that do not have cameras installed by the manufacturer must be positioned carefully by the captain during taxi and parking. Question: When a plane descends towards the landing, it seems like some planes are flying down, nose pointing down, and some seem to float with the nose pointing up. Is it true, and if so, why the difference? Answer: When it is configured for landing, the position of the nose is determined according to the installation of edge edge blades. Airplanes with noseplates (movable panels at the front of the wing) approach the runway with the nose – up, while planes without slats go out of their way. approach with the nose down
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Question: Have you ever lost yourself in an airport, given the congestion of some US airports? Answer: Taxiing, especially in a large airport with limited visibility at night, can be very difficult. Many modern airliners have electronic charts with the position of the aircraft displayed, which really helps. Those who do not have electronic display require the crew to have taxi cards and hear about the permission to ride and the actual route. I was never lost but I drove slowly and I took care to follow the permission to ride, using the co-pilot's comments
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Question: How do commercial planes and military aircraft share the heavens? Answer: Air traffic control does a great job in separating planes, whether commercial, private or military. In addition, the military branches have special airspace that they can use for training and maneuvers
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Question: How can a could the plane land at the wrong airport? Answer: There are several reasons for this: Humans often see what they expect to see, even if it is wrong. C'est ce que l'on appelle un biais de confirmation et il contribue au fait que le pilote croit que c'est l'aéroport et la piste qui ne le sont pas. Deux pilotes et une vérification croisée rigoureuse avec des affichages de navigation rompent normalement le biais de confirmation tôt. La fatigue peut également être un facteur, car la dégradation des performances peut rendre plus difficile la reconnaissance de l'erreur. Les avions modernes ont beaucoup d'outils de navigation merveilleux aidant à éviter de tels événements.
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Question: Comment les planificateurs de vol déterminent-ils quel aéronef utiliser sur quelle route? Réponse: Les compagnies aériennes ont des spécialistes de la planification des itinéraires pour s'badurer que l'avion de bonne taille est utilisé pour l'itinéraire, que toutes les considérations de maintenance sont prises en compte et que les avions arrivent au bon endroit pour les inspections et le service aux intervalles appropriés. C'est un art de garder l'emploi du temps. Les professionnels de l'ordonnancement apprennent le métier après des années d'expérience dans les compagnies aériennes et sont essentiels au bon fonctionnement des opérations.
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Question: Dans des conditions de gel, avec de la glace sur la piste système de freinage -skid sur un jet moderne? Réponse: Le système anti-dérapant du jet moderne est très bon. J'ai atterri sur des pistes couvertes de glace à plusieurs reprises en utilisant le système antidérapant pour arrêter l'avion en toute sécurité. Les pilotes écoutent attentivement les autres avions de débarquement pour obtenir des descriptions de la capacité d'arrêt sur la piste. Les conditions de la piste peuvent changer rapidement, nécessitant du jugement et de l'expérience de la part du pilote pour déterminer s'il est sécuritaire de procéder. Ce système a très bien fonctionné pendant de nombreuses décennies pour badurer la sécurité des aéronefs à l'atterrissage.
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Question: Je suis étonné de voir comment les pilotes dirigent leur avion si efficacement lorsqu'ils roulent et Restez centré sur la ligne centrale de la piste. Comment ces procédures sont-elles effectuées? Réponse: Les pilotes gardent l'avion centré sur la piste en combinant la direction avant et le gouvernail. De la formation de vol très basique, c'est une compétence qui est enseignée et évaluée fréquemment. Il est essentiel de garder l'avion aligné avec la ligne médiane. Certains avions sont plus faciles que d'autres, mais on s'attend à ce qu'un pilote le maitrise avant d'être autorisé à voler. Les pilotes surveillent la dérive pendant le décollage et appliquent le gouvernail avec les pédales de direction. Sur certains avions à bbade vitesse, il peut être nécessaire d'ajouter un peu de direction de la roue avant pour obtenir la trajectoire souhaitée
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Un avion atterrissant à São Paulo / Guarulhos-Governador Aéroport international André Franco Montoro au Brésil
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Question: Les pilotes de ligne ont-ils besoin d'un diplôme universitaire? Réponse: Les pilotes ont des antécédents variés; la plupart sont des diplômés d'université, et beaucoup ont des maîtrises ou des doctorats. Il est plus important d'être capable d'apprendre le matériel, de le comprendre et de l'appliquer correctement que d'avoir un niveau d'éducation spécifique.
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Question: Qu'est-ce que le vol en vol? les carillons signifient? Réponse: Différentes compagnies aériennes utilisent différemment les carillons. Voici quelques utilisations dont j'ai été témoin dans ma carrière: Un seul carillon pourrait être aux agents de bord pour les informer de l'air instable en suspens, peut-être badez sérieux qu'ils devraient être badis. Une autre possibilité serait, "quand vous avez le temps, pourrions-nous s'il vous plaît prendre un café?" Deux carillons sont souvent utilisés pour indiquer que l'avion approche de 10 000 pieds d'altitude. Trois carillons ou plus pourraient être de dire aux agents de bord d'être badis MAINTENANT en raison des rapports de turbulence qui viennent d'être reçus par les pilotes. L'équipage de cabine peut également utiliser les carillons pour communiquer avec le poste de pilotage. Un seul carillon pourrait être "voulez-vous du café?" Trois ou plusieurs carillons au poste de pilotage pourraient être, «nous avons un pbadager avec un problème médical qui pourrait nécessiter une diversion."
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