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A unique adjuvant, a substance that enhances the body's immune response to toxins and foreign bodies, can prevent respiratory diseases with enhanced vaccine, a disease that has been a major obstacle to the development of a vaccine against Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), according to a study conducted by the Institute of Biomedical Sciences at Georgia State University.
The study suggests that the combination of this adjuvant, created by the research team, with RSV vaccination could stimulate the body for protective immune responses and prevent RSV inflammation after infection. The results, published in the journal Virology, could lead to advances in the development of the anti-RSV vaccine.
RSV, a common respiratory virus that causes cold-like symptoms, is the leading cause of serious respiratory illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 year of age in the United States. Every year in the United States, an estimated 57,000 children are hospitalized with RSV under the age of five. RSV is also a major cause of respiratory illness in the elderly, resulting in 177,000 hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths each year, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). There is no vaccine to prevent RSV.
Progress on RSV vaccine was almost halted in the 1960s after US-tested formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine not only failed to protect children, but also caused symptoms in many infants. more serious than normal, requiring hospitalization after a natural infection with the virus. Two toddlers died of the symptoms of the disease. Other RSV vaccines are known to cause worsening of the disease after RSV infection
This study examined the effects of a single adjuvant on an enhanced vaccine respiratory disease after both infant and adult mice were vaccinated against RSV and exposed to the virus. The adjuvant was created by combining agonist adjuvants of pathogen recognizing receptors, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and oligodeoxynucleotide CpG (CpG), which are known to activate innate immune responses.
Adult and infant mice were injected with RSV fusion proteins only, RSV fusion proteins with adjuvant or phosphate buffered saline. Blood samples were taken after three weeks. Four weeks after vaccination, mice were intranasally infected with RSV and samples were taken to determine the effectiveness of protection.
The adjuvant has been shown to be effective in promoting the induction of protective antibodies, rid the lungs of the virus after exposure to RSV and avoid disease in the lung tissues.
"Immunization of RSV subunits with the addition of a single receptor agonist recognizing pathogens could provide protection against RSV, thereby preventing infection with inflammatory RSV after infection. in larger animal models and in humans remains unknown, "said Dr. Sang-Moo Kang, senior author and professor at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the State of Georgia.
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Material provided by State University of Georgia. Note: Content can be changed for style and length.
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