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According to the weekly report of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), several countries confirmed 19 new cases of poliomyelitis last week.
These new cases of poliomyelitis were reported in the Middle East, Africa and Asia on July 17, 2019.
Most of these polio problems can be attributed to a 2016 vaccination decision, says the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Following the switch in 2016 from trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) (types 1, 2 and 3) to bivalent OPV (types 1 and 3), transmission of circulating type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (cDVDP) was detected in countries of children who missed type 2 polio vaccination before replacement in 2016.
This week's GPEI report confirmed:
Afghanistan: A case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) was reported last week in Musaqalah district, Hilmand province. The paralysis began on June 5, 2019. Eleven cases of PVS1 were reported in 2019 from Afghanistan. The total number of WPV1 cases in 2018 remained at 21. A positive environmental sample for WPV1 was reported last week in Kandahar District, Kandahar Province. The sample was collected on June 24, 2019.
Democratic Republic of Congo: Five cases of circulating poliovirus derived from type 2 vaccine (cVDPV2) were reported this week. Eleven cases of cVDPV2 were reported in 2019. The total number of cVDPV2 cases reported in 2018 is 20.
Nigeria: Three cases of vaccine-derived type 2 poliovirus circulating were reported last week: one from each of the LGAs of Wurno, Sokoto, Irewole, Osun and Baruten, Kwara. The paralysis began on May 20, June 9 and June 14, 2019 respectively. So far, 12 cases of PVDVC2 have been reported in 2019. The total number of cVDPV2 cases in 2018 is still 34. Two positive environmental samples were reported last week: the Sokoto North LGA, the State of Sokoto and LGA of Ilorin West, in the state of Kwara. The samples were collected on 10 and 13 June 2019 respectively. CVDPV2 was isolated in a healthy child from Wurno LGA, Sokoto State. The sample was collected on June 20, 2019. Recent confirmation of the spread of one of the cVDPV2 outbreaks, both in Nigeria and internationally, underscores the urgent need to fill the gaps in vaccination in the current response and to optimize the geographical scope and operational quality of the OPVm2 response.
Pakistan: Four cases of wild type 1 poliovirus (WPV1) were reported last week: one case in Jehlum and Lahore districts of Punjab province, with onset of paralysis on 21 and 22 June 2019; One case in Bannu and Lakkimarwat districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, with onset of paralysis on 22 June and 1 July 2019. The total number of cases of PVS1 is 45. Three positive environmental samples for WPV1 were reported last week: a sample of Quetta district in Baluchistan province; Karachi District in Sindh Province; Bannu District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The samples were collected from June 20th to June 27th, 2019.
Poliomyelitis, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and potentially life-threatening infectious disease. Polio is transmitted from person to person by invading the brain and spinal cord and causing paralysis, says the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
It is caused by poliovirus, for which there is currently no treatment.
Polio has been eliminated from the United States through widespread vaccination. Since 1979, no new cases of poliomyelitis have appeared in the United States, says the CDC.
The polio vaccine protects children by preparing their bodies to fight poliovirus. Almost all children who receive all recommended doses of vaccine will be protected from polio.
Two types of vaccine can prevent polio: inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV).
Only VPI has been used in the United States since 2000; OPV is still used in much of the world.
IPV is given by a blow in the arm or leg, depending on the age of the person. The CDC recommends that children receive 4 doses of polio vaccine.
Polio News
For more information on countries that recommend the circulation of polio and vaccines, see travel advisories on the CDC Travelers' Health website.
"Vaccines are an important part of pre-trip planning because they help prevent the spread of local disease," said Maegan Whisenhunt, PharmD candidate, Brookshires Grocery Company.
"However, depending on the destination of the patients, they may need to receive a booster vaccination at least 4 weeks before traveling," continued Whisenhunt.
You can make an appointment for polio vaccine consultations before traveling to a local pharmacy at Vax-Before-Travel.
Poliomyelitis vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. We encourage you to report the side effects of polio vaccine to a health care provider or the CDC.
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