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Mediterranean diet during pregnancy does not reduce the overall risk of adverse complications for mother and offspring, but may reduce weight gain during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes, according to a new study published this week in PLOS Medicine by Shakila Thangaratinam of Queen Mary University, London, UK, and her colleagues.
A Mediterranean style diet is characterized by high consumption of nuts, extra virgin olive oil, fruits, vegetables, unrefined grains and legumes; moderate consumption of fish; low consumption of red meat and processed; and avoid sugary drinks, fast foods and foods high in animal fat. In the new ESTEEM study, researchers randomized 1252 pregnant women with metabolic risk factors to five UK hospitals in the city center. 627 were badigned to a Mediterranean diet, received a mixture of walnuts and olive oil and participated in three face-to-face sessions as well as follow-up phone calls to reinforce their food goals. 625 women were badigned to a control group and received dietary advice in accordance with British national guidelines.
Women in the intervention group consumed significantly more nuts (adjusted OR 6.8, 95% CI 4.3-10.6), plus extra virgin olive oil (aOR 32 , 2, 95% CI 16.0-64.6), increased their consumption of fish, white meat and legumes, and decreased their consumption of red meat, butter, margarine and cream. The Mediterranean-type diet did not significantly reduce the likelihood of obtaining overall results in the mother or offspring. However, the risk of gestational diabetes was reduced by 35% (aOR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.91) and this benefit was consistently observed when ESTEEM data were combined with those from the previous year. similar tests (OR 0.67, 95% CI). 0.53 to 0.84). The women in the ESTEEM intervention group took an average of 6.8 kg in weight compared to 8.3 kg in the control group.
"Future studies should evaluate the effect of in utero exposure to a Mediterranean-style diet, particularly with walnuts and olive oil, on obesity , allergy and asthma in children, as well as the future risk of type 2 diabetes in the mother, "say the authors.
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research article
Funding:
The trial was funded by Barts Charity at S.T. and K.S.K (No. 212563). The California Walnut Commission and the Blue Diamond Growers respectively donated nuts and almonds. None of the funders has played a role in the design, badysis, publication decision or preparation of the results of this trial.
Competing interests:
The authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.
Quote:
H. Al Wattar B., J. Dodds, A. Placzek, L. Beresford, E. Spyreli, A. Moore et al. (2019) Mediterranean diet in pregnant women with metabolic risk factors (ESTEEM): Multicentric randomized pragmatic trial. PLoS Med 16 (7): e1002857. https: /
Affiliations of author:
BARC (Barts Women's Health Research Center), Women's Health Research Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
Maternity Dietary Services, Services for Women and Children, Barts NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
CIBERobn, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
IDISNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
Barts Research Group on Diabetes and Obesity, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
Multidisciplinary Evidence Synthesis Center (mEsh), Blizard Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
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