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Change in muscle cells
The study, published in the journal Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and vascular biology,Postulates that a process in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels is characteristic of the development of the disease. Aneurysms develop when the extracellular matrix of the blood vessel wall weakens, allowing the vessel to dilate and eventually rupture.
In addition, the authors indicated that recent research had shown that calcification of the wall of blood vessels was also badociated with the development of aneurysms. Calcification is also a key part of the process by which blood vessels accumulate harmful plaque deposits.
The change in these muscle cells is called "phenotypic switching." Normal cells retain a contractile function, but when the disease process begins, something else happens.
"In pathological conditions, they can dedifferentiate into a synthetic phenotype, by which they secrete extracellular vesicles, proliferate and migrate to repair lesions,"The researchers wrote.
When cells switch to this mode of activity, they no longer fulfill their original function of maintaining an intact and resilient blood vessel wall, the researchers wrote.
Proteins dependent on vitamin K
In their review, the authors found that healthy vascular muscle cells secrete vitamin K-dependent proteins. It has been shown that the presence of enough of these proteins to inhibit calcium accumulation and their metabolism is inhibited when coatings blood vessels begin to enter a pathological phase.
"[I]It is tempting to postulate that vitamin K deficiency plays a role in the formation of aneurysms. Vitamin K supplementation could reduce the risk of aneurysm of the aorta and improve cardiovascular outcomes, The researchers wrote. They also called for more research to further investigate the role of the vitamin in the development of aneurysms.
The paper highlights the importance of K2
Chris Speed, senior vice president of marketing for the Norwegian producer of vitamin K2, NattoPharma, said the summary document was a powerful argument in favor of the health-promoting properties of the menaquinone form of the vitamin.
Vitamin K1 (the phylloquinone form) has its own important properties for health. But with regard to vascular health, K1 is of little use because the vitamin is absorbed and stored in the liver, where it plays an important role in maintaining blood clotting. Only vitamin K2 is actively circulating in the blood, where it can be available for muscle cells for protein synthesis.
The summary document discusses in a brief section the difference between vitamins K1 and K2. But in the rest of the long document, the substance is simply called "vitamin K".
According to Speed, it's mainly because the researchers who care for the vitamin want to sensitize the opinion on its importance, rather than get bogged down in the details of the different forms.
"Many researchers will conclude under the sign of" vitamin K "because they strive to raise awareness and try to get RDI. But the differences between the forms are profound, He said.
The position paper is the result of the Horizon 2020 grant awarded to NattoPharma's international research network, coordinated by Queen Mary University in London. The network also has four high-ranking university research departments in Europe. [University of Maastricht, University College Dublin (part of the national University of Ireland), Ludvig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm] and in the UK, the medical research body specializing in life sciences, the Medical Research Council Technology.
Source:A flawless stay Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and vascular biologyA flawless stay
2019 July; 39 (7): 1351-1368. doi: 10.1161 / ATVBAHA.119.31278A flawless stay
Role of Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Calcification in Aortic Aneurysm Formation.A flawless stay
Authors: Petsophonsakul P, et al.
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