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According to a new study by Diabetologia (Journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes), high levels of maternal blood sugar and BMI are risk factors for stillbirths in mothers diabetes, with the weakest and heaviest babies being the most exposed. . The risk of stillbirths is four to five times higher for mothers with diabetes before pregnancy – no improvement has been seen in recent years, in contrast to the decrease in the stillbirth rate observed in the general obstetric population.
In addition, the mother's blood sugar level has become a major risk factor for increasing the risk of stillbirths. Overall, while mothers with diabetes have one-third stillbirths shortly after the end of their pregnancy and can be influenced by the delivery policy, the majority occurs before 37 weeks and it will be crucial to find better ways to detect babies at risk.
Maternal obesity, advanced maternal age, and smoking are known to be important modifiable risk factors for stillbirth in the general population, as are restricted fetal growth.
However, data on pregnancies complicated by diabetes are more limited. Previous studies have shown that mothers with diabetes are badociated with suboptimal maternal blood glucose levels, microvascular complications, and poor pregnancy preparedness – traditional risk factors observed in the general population are, however, less common. well documented for mothers with this disease.
This study, involving more than 5,000 infants over the age of 18 and taking into account a range of potential risk factors, clearly showed that maternal blood sugar and BMI are the main factors modifiable risk factors badociated with stillbirths in women with diabetes. Mortality rates are highest in infants born small for their gestational age, but larger infants are also at increased risk.
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