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HIf you had asked those who lived outside the UK, if the latest Brexitland news had baffled you, I've received so many responses (thanks to you all) that I've bundled and paraphrased the most to answer, at least approximately. , as much as possible.
And I mostly stuck to factual questions about the Brexit process. "Will Brexit finally teach Britain that it no longer rules the world?" Steve Norman in Canada, Ferdy in Dublin and Thijs in the Netherlands (among others), justifies an answer to the length of the book, but not now.
In addition, I will not explain the Brexit terminology in detail: if you want answers to that, I recommend the Guardian Brexit's practical conversation guide, which, hopefully, covers most of these topics.
What are the basic rules of Brexit? I am seriously confused (Danni, US)
The Brexit is the UK's exit process from the EU, which was voted down little by way of a referendum in June 2016. This process is governed by Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon on the European Union and takes place in two stages: first, the two parties negotiate their divorce agreement (the "withdrawal contract") and after that, they will settle their future trade relationship. This is a problem because the UK voted for a departure, but not a destination: some believe that the UK should have close relations with the EU, with privileged access to its vast single market, but obeying his rules; others think that it should be autonomous, with increased control but a less fluid trade. It is complicated by the red lines set by the Prime Minister, Theresa May (which puts an end to the automatic right of EU citizens to settle in the UK and leave the single market and the customs union of the EU) that exclude many potential options.
Can you explain the Irish backstop? (Diane Dalton, USA, with related questions from Ton Pasman and Leonie, Netherlands, Shona, Ireland; Dietmar Homberg, Germany; Elisabeth Sanfuchs, Belgium; Ayaz Ramji, Canada)
When the UK leaves the EU, the border between Northern Ireland (which is part of the United Kingdom) and the Republic of Ireland, currently invisible, will become the only border EU land with the United Kingdom. Such a border normally requires customs and other controls. Nobody wants that, in part because no one wants a return to violence from the period prior to the agreement on Good Friday, which removed border controls. In theory, post-Brexit trade agreements between the EU and the UK will avoid a "hard" border, but they could take years to negotiate. The EU therefore insisted on a "backstop" guaranteeing the absence of a hard border until the conclusion of these agreements. are in place. The backstop leaves the whole of the UK in a customs union with the EU 'unless' the EU agrees that it can leave. do not like it at all.
Why is the deadline of March 29, 2019 and what is the problem of its extension? (Dawn, Canada, Jean Vigoureux, France)
Article 50 provides for two years of talks; the UK triggered it on March 29, 2017, so in principle, it automatically leaves two years later. It may request an extension to the EU27, which they believe would be granted for a valid reason, such as sorting the last details of an agreement with the support of a majority in the UK parliament . This seems quite likely, but it may only last a few months, as a new European Parliament will be sworn in July and EU rules require all Member States to be represented – a problem if the UK is still a member. Experts believe that this could be resolved temporarily, but the EU would prefer to avoid the hbadle.
Article 50 may to be revoked and what would be the response of the EU? (Benjamin Willumsen, Chile)
The European Court of Justice ruled that the United Kingdom could unilaterally revoke Article 50 at any time without the permission of the EU27 (which would be delighted when it was upset by all the United Kingdom). In the United Kingdom, the disagreement is whether this could be done by a simple vote of the MPs or would require an act of Parliament, but in any case, that seems to be the last thing the government would do.
Is there a chance of another referendum? (Michael Kerr, California, Johannes Meigen, Germany, David French, New Zealand, Laurent, France)
In Parliament, there is no majority in favor of a "people's vote", or a second referendum, which, in the opinion of the Conservative and Labor leaders, would undermine citizens' trust in democracy. That might change, but one of the problems is the time it would take to hold another vote: the government says it would take a year, which is an exaggeration, but it certainly would certainly take longer than the UK and maybe longer. relatively short extension likely to be favored by the EU.
What is Labor's position and why? Why does Jeremy Corbyn think he can negotiate a different or better deal with the EU than Theresa May? (Fernando Hervas, Belgium, Antje, Switzerland)
The position of the workers is complicated by the fact that, in the United Kingdom's first-past-the-post electoral system, many of its deputies represent constituencies that voted in favor of resignation, while most of its members and voters are in favor of maintaining. Corbyn himself is far from being a convinced pro-European. Until now, the party is sitting on the fence – in favor of a general election before all other options – but will soon have to undo it. If the EU agrees to rewrite parts of the withdrawal agreement, the Labor Party could get a better deal than that of May if it left him some red lines, but he was as guilty as the conservatives claimed that Britain could leave the EU while retaining all the benefits of membership.
Have trade agreements been approved with non-EU countries? What are the terms of the World Trade Organization and why are they a bad thing? (Patrick Speer, Scotland and Liam, Australia)
Britain is not officially allowed to negotiate new trade agreements as long as it is still a member of the EU. It has signed a text supposed to reproduce the current trade agreements with Switzerland. Apart from that, virtually none of the 68 trade agreements that the UK enjoys as an EU member, and that it promised to duplicate by the time of departure, is close and none will be ready for March 29, according to the FT. The Brexiters speak of "trading under the terms of the WTO" as if it was what the world does, but it is not the case: it can trade as part of the l 'agreement. WTO. rules, but all 164 WTO members also have bilateral or regional trade agreements that allow them to trade much better. terms basis of reference of the WTO. No reasonable nation would let the world's largest single market, the European Union, trade with it on WTO terms, as would happen if there were no agreement.
What could happen in the first weeks and months after a Brexit without agreement? I'm going to Britain in April. Will my trip be interrupted? Can there be food shortages? (Mark Singer and Gerry Patey, Canada; François Bry, Munich; Jean Ballanco, US)
In terms of food shortages, that's what everyone badumes. The big UK supermarket chains have begun stocking canned goods and MPs have said that the British might need to adopt a different diet, which does not look promising, but it is difficult to keep it. imagine. No agreement would certainly be likely to disrupt airports. Last month, the European Commission unveiled a nine-month temporary plan to keep airplanes in the air, as well as transporting goods and money in the event of the UK's breakup. The British Army remains at the disposal of Great Britain. Suddenly, if Britain leaves without agreement, including UK visitors to Europe who have to apply for an online visa waiver similar to the US Esta program.
Does the queen have the power to intervene? (Vincent, Netherlands, Isabel Pitta, Brazil)
The monarch is not supposed to be involved in politics. But she is the only one who can invite anyone to form a government and if Theresa May loses another vote of censure, she may have to do it. She would have 14 days to ask someone to form a new administration (including a multi-party option) on condition that it be clear that they could command a majority in parliament. If there is no majority, new elections will automatically follow. The Queen, however, can not dissolve Parliament, having lost that power under the 2011 Parliament Act.
Will my daughter, who is French, have to apply for a visa to study in the UK? Will we need an international driver's license? (K Joubert, France, Michael Lea, Spain)
European students currently studying in the UK or applying to start clbades in 2019 will not be subject to further restrictions because of Brexit, the government said. He warned, however, that UK drivers residing in the EU should exchange their driving license for a local license – and if possible obtain an international driving license – as soon as possible in case of Brexit without agreement, which could invalidate their British driver's license. , or mean that they must pbad a new driving test.
How are you getting out of this mess? When will everything be finished? Do not you become crazy? (Remo Casale, New Zealand, Georg Beck, Germany)
In order:
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The British government has relaxed its red lines to achieve a form of Brexit acceptable to the EU27 and the British Parliament – which it should have done for a long time – or perhaps by holding a second referendum.
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Not for a while yet.
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Yes.
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