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Pakistan must be well placed for this great revolution to come to our door
The hand of the humanoid robot controls a painting during a demonstration. PHOTO: REURERS
In the world of science and technology, it is said that we are at the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution. The first marked the era of mechanized production of iron, steel, coal and steam. The second was the result of an internal combustion engine and electricity. The third was the digital revolution of information technologies introduced by silicon, personal computers, mobile phones and the Internet. With the exponential ability to store data, the skills required to badyze them have been left far behind.
The fourth industrial revolution has now begun. It is marked by emerging technological advances, mainly in the following 10 areas: artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, Internet of Things, broadband 5G, 3D printing, autonomous vehicles, cloud computing, blockchain like distributed ledger technology , Biotechnology and Precision Medicine, and Augmented Reality.
Klaus Schwab in his book The Fourth Industrial Revolution claims that previous industrial revolutions have freed man from animal power, made mbad production possible, and offered digital capabilities to billions of people, but the fourth is fundamentally different. It is characterized by a range of new technologies that merge the physical, digital and biological worlds, impacting all disciplines, economies and industries, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human.
Reasoning is the greatest force of humanity, but it can now be relegated to machines. Supercomputers such as IBM's Deep Blue, which defeated Gary Kasporov in 1997, were brutally processing data. Deep Blue was introduced to the basics of chess and kept in mind the strategy used by the great masters in thousands of previously played games.
This year AlphaZero manufactured by Alphabet has developed a unique algorithm for learning chess. He started with no knowledge of the game beyond his basic rules, but he played against him millions of times and learned from his mistakes. In a few hours, he learned enough to face the biggest chess calculus known as 'Stockfish'. The latter was performing 60 million calculations per second while AlphaZero was only looking at 60,000 but was beating down. In a nutshell, it is about AI and machine learning. AlphaZero was thinking smarter no faster.
The convergence of data with enormous storage and badysis capabilities, when applied to available genomics and health data, will create a phenomenal change in human health. Epic, a US health service provider, has health-related data from more than 100 million people. The badysis of these mega-data can exponentially improve the diagnosis and treatment. ReLeaSE, another algorithm-based program, includes two neural networks that can be considered a teacher and a student. The neural network of teachers knows the rules governing the chemical structures of about 1.7 million known biologically active molecules. By working with the teacher, the student neural network learns over time and becomes more adept at proposing molecules that may be useful in new drugs. The combination of CRISPR sequencing and gene modification technology and AI drug development programs can revolutionize healthcare.
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality will include information about real-world data, for example in surgery where layers of tissue will not have to be dissected when looking for sick sites, because the surgeon would be able to see the whole thing. in 3D before the dissection. More and more machines, for example autonomous vehicles, make decisions with little intervention on the part of the man. Some understanding of this new reality has allowed seven of the top ten companies in 2018, Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft, Facebook, Ali Baba and Tencents to become economic powerhouses.
The economic footprint of this emerging revolution is enormous. The only augmented reality, currently valued at $ 2 billion, is expected to reach $ 200 billion in two years. According to Gartner Inc., AI will create 2.3 million jobs by 2020. The global business value derived from AI will increase from $ 692 billion in 2017 to $ 1.2 trillion by 2018, and is expected to reach 3 $ 900 billion in 2022. On this huge slice, the Pakistani diaspora of Silicon Valley estimates that if the right decisions are made Pakistan's software exports could even reach $ 30 billion by 2023. That may be optimistic, but we should accept this challenge because it does not require investment, but only an intellectual upgrade of our educated youth.
Pakistan must be well placed for this great revolution to come to our door. Rather than being a consumer that makes us totally dependent, we must become an actor and a maker of new systems that guarantee phenomenal economic dividends.
In Pakistan, it is generally accepted that the software engineers we produce do not meet the requirements of the market. This inadequacy must be corrected by a reactive and dynamic curriculum in our universities. For that, I would work with the vice-chancellors of the universities placed under the high patronage of the president as chancellor. However, to meet our immediate needs, as the software world is evolving too rapidly, we have decided to increase the knowledge of existing software engineers and to train newcomers as well, as part of an intensive course for 100,000 people. young people this year, as part of the President's initiative on Intelligence and Informatics. The program can be consulted on www.PIAIC.org
John Dewey, American philosopher-educator, aptly stated, "If we teach today's students as we taught those of yesterday, we steal them tomorrow." Let's give tomorrow to the Pakistani youth.
Posted in The Express Tribune, January 20th, 2019.
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