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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptor signaling on intestinal immune cells plays a vital role in protecting the intestinal mucosa and microbiota from disturbances caused by badworm infections, according to a study published on 31 December. January in the journal in open access PLOS Pathogens by María Duque-Correa of the Wellcome Sanger Institute in the United Kingdom and her colleagues.
The human gut houses millions of bacteria, collectively called the microbiota, as well as parasites such as badworms, which cause a human disease called trichuriasis. The cells line the badworm of the intestinal host, but also interact with the intestinal immune cells to deploy measures that control or expel the badworm while maintaining a barrier to prevent microbial movement to organs such as the liver. The badworm affects the composition of the microbiota, which affects the state of the intestinal mucosa and how immune cells are activated. To avoid tissue damage and disease, these interactions are tightly regulated. Using a mouse model, Duque-Correa and his colleagues have shown that these interactions are regulated by signaling via a member of the family of IL-10 receptors, l-39. IL-10Rα, located on the immune cells of the intestine.
The absence of this receptor on intestinal immune cells results in the persistence of badworm in the intestine, accompanied by uncontrolled inflammation that destroys the intestinal mucosa. These tissue damage is accompanied by the proliferation of microbes that act as opportunistic pathogens. In addition, the destruction of the intestinal barrier allows these bacteria to reach the liver, where they cause organic failures and a deadly disease. Taken together, the results highlight the critical and complex role of IL-10Rα signaling on immune cells in promoting microbiota homeostasis and maintaining the intestinal barrier during infections. by the badworms.
The authors note: "Our study reveals the primary role of IL-10Rα in regulating interactions between gut cells, microbiota and badworms that define the conditions for balanced parasitism. We discovered that the absence of this crucial signaling pathway leads to uncontrolled inflammation of the intestinal lining allowing microbes to invade and cause liver failure. "
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