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Sleep deprivation can alter brain circuits in ways that amplify pain, according to a new study from the University of California.
For example, people who develop chronic pain often lose the ability to sleep well and quickly stress backache, sciatica or arthritis. The loss of sleep, in turn, can aggravate back pain and make sleep the next night even more difficult.
Why does sleep deprivation amplify pain? This is not quite the point, but it has to do with the body's response to an injury such as a cut or an ankle returned. First, it hurts because the nerves send a breath into the spinal cord and into the brain. There, a network of neuronal regions bursts in reaction to the injury and allows to manage, or blunt, the sensation.
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Think of the experience as a kind of physiological dialogue between the ground unit that has been hit and the command center that is trying to contain the damage. In a new study, a team of neuroscientists clarified the nature of the downside of this exchange and how it is affected by sleep.
In a sleep lab experiment, researchers found that one night of sleep deprivation reduced a person's pain threshold by more than 15% and left a clear signature in treatment centers of brain pain.
In a separate experiment, the team determined that small differences in the average amount of sleep from one day to the next allowed one to predict the general level of pain felt the next day.
"What's interesting with these results is that they will stimulate, and justify, further research to understand this system," said Michael J Twery, director of the Sleep Disorders Branch of the National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood, which did not participate in the new study.
"Once we understand how sleep deprivation affects how these pathways work, we should be able to manage pain more effectively – all types of pain."
Other researchers have warned that the study was small and that it required greater replication. But, they said, at a time when chronic pain and narcotic addiction are on the rise, this new work is an acute reminder that the body's ability to manage pain can be improved without a prescription.
The research team, led by Adam J Krause and Matthew P Walker, of the University of California at Berkeley, brought 25 adults to the lab twice to measure the pain threshold badociated with heat .
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Shutterstock
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Getty
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Getty
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Rex
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Getty
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37/43 Gel contraceptif qui crée une «vasectomie réversible» qui s'est avéré efficace chez les singes
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38/43 Shift work and heavy lifting may reduce women’s fertility, study finds
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39/43 Japanese government tells people to stop overworking
The Japanese government has announced measures to limit the amount of overtime employees can do – in an attempt to stop people literally working themselves to death.
A fifth of Japan’s workforce are at risk of death by overwork, known as karoshi, as they work more than 80 hours of overtime each month, according to a government survey.
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40/43 High blood pressure may protect over 80s from dementia
It is well known that high blood pressure is a risk factor for dementia, so the results of a new study from the University of California, Irvine, are quite surprising. The researchers found that people who developed high blood pressure between the ages of 80-89 are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (the most common form of dementia) over the next three years than people of the same age with normal blood pressure.
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41/43 'Universal cancer vaccine’ breakthrough claimed by experts
Scientists have taken a “very positive step” towards creating a universal vaccine against cancer that makes the body’s immune system attack tumours as if they were a virus, experts have said. Writing in Nature, an international team of researchers described how they had taken pieces of cancer’s genetic RNA code, put them into tiny nanoparticles of fat and then injected the mixture into the bloodstreams of three patients in the advanced stages of the disease. The patients' immune systems responded by producing "killer" T-cells designed to attack cancer. The vaccine was also found to be effective in fighting “aggressively growing” tumours in mice, according to researchers, who were led by Professor Ugur Sahin from Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany
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42/43 Research shows that diabetes drug can be used to stop first signs of Parkinson’s
Scientists in a new study show that the first signs of Parkinson’s can be stopped. The UCL study is still in its research period but the team are ‘excited’. Today’s Parkinson’s drugs manage the symptoms of the disease but ultimately do not stop its progression in the brain.
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43/43 Drinking alcohol could reduce risk of diabetes
A new study shows that drinking alcohol three to four days a week could reduce the risk of diabetes. Wine was found to be most effective in reducing the risk due to the chemical compounds that balance blood sugar levels.
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Two measurements were taken from each subject, one in the morning after a full night’s sleep, and one in the morning after staying up all night. The two visits occurred at least a week apart, and included measurements in a brain-imaging machine.
The subjects judged the pain sensation of having a small, heated pad pressed against their skin, near the ankle. By gradually adjusting the temperature up and down, the researchers identified the level of pain that each person graded as 10, or “unbearable”, on a scale of 1 to 10.
Pulling an all-nighter increased everyone’s sensitivity to heat the next morning, by 15 to 30 per cent on the pain scale. This wasn’t unexpected; previous research had produced similar findings, for a variety of painful sensations.
But the brain imaging added a new dimension: For each participant, activity spiked in pain perception regions, and plunged in regions thought to help manage or reduce pain. The biggest peaks were in the somatosensory cortex, a strip of neural tissue that runs across the top of the brain like a headphone band.
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This is the seat of the so-called homunculus, the distorted “little man” neural map of the body; it seems to be where the perception of pain becomes a conscious “ouch”. The lowest troughs of activity occurred in deeper brain regions such as the thalamus and nucleus accumbens.
“So you have two things happening at once here,” said Mr Walker, director of the Centre for Human Sleep Science at UC Berkeley. “There’s ramped-up sensation to pain, and a loss of natural badgesic reaction. The fact that both of them happen was surprising.”
Deliberate sleep deprivation is rare in the natural world – robins and squirrels tend not to stay up late to catch “Saturday Night Live” – so it may be that no backup systems have evolved to help restore or tune the brain’s pain management system, Mr Walker said.
New York Times
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