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Spaceflight triggers viruses such as herpes, chickenpox and shingles among astronauts, according to a new NASA study.
To investigate the impact of space travel on viruses, NASA researchers badyzed samples of blood, urine and saliva provided by astronauts before, during and after space shuttle flights and flights. missions of the International Space Station.
The results, recently published in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology, show an increase in the excretion or reactivation of these viruses in space.
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Lead author of the study, Satish K Mehta of the Johnson Space Center, said: "To date, 47 out of 53 (53%) astronauts performing short space shuttles and 14 out of 23 (61%) on missions Longer ISS have their saliva or urine samples.
"These frequencies – as well as the amount – of viral shedding are significantly higher than in samples taken before or after the flight, or in matched healthy controls."
1/21
Ed White photographed by Jim McDivitt, commander of Gemini 4. In the first of 66 orbits, they tried in vain to get to the top floor of their Titan launcher. On McDivitt's advice, White waited for another orbit to recover from the effort of the missed rendezvous, and left Gemini for his release into the historic space on June 3, 1965.
Courtesy of NASA
2/21
Dave Scott, pilot of Apollo 9 CM, comes out of the hatch and tests some of the space suit systems that will be used for lunar operations. The picture was taken of Rusty Schweickart in March 1969 from the hatch of the moored LM.
Courtesy of NASA
3/21
The mother ship "Balls Three" flies over an X-15 in 1961. Three X-15 operational were built and
conducted 199 test flights between them, while they were pushing into the "envelopes" of speed and altitude and reaching the very limits of space.
Courtesy of NASA
4/21
The Cape Canaveral Mercury Control Center (MCC) supervised seven manned space flights between May 1961 and March 1965, until the beginning of the Gemini era. Meanwhile, Houston's most advanced control complex was taking shape before Apollo.
Courtesy of NASA
5/21
Robert McCall's prediction in the mid-1970s of the construction of a modular space station by NASA's space shuttle is close to what eventually happened, except that the real shuttles flew only one way. that time.
Courtesy of NASA
6/21
The technicians working at the base of Alan Shepard's Mercury-Redstone 3 launcher were drowned in steam on May 5, 1961, due to an excess of oxidizing gas. The following rockets could not be as close together when refueling.
Courtesy of NASA
7/21
The Rendezvous docking simulator at Langley has prepared Gemini astronauts for the strange physics of orbital flight.
Courtesy of NASA
8/21
Before the launch of Gemini 10, Commander John Young explains to the media how his co-pilot, Michael Collins, will inspect the target Agena docking vehicle when it came out in space in 1966.
Courtesy of NASA
9/21
Navy divers prepare to retrieve the crew of the Gemini 6A on December 16, 1965. The green dye was released by a spacecraft during an accelerated landing, making it easier to spot from the air.
Courtesy of NASA
10/21
The US Geological Survey map on the Tycho Crater, famous for the site of a mysterious extraterrestrial monolith in the science fiction film "2001: The Space Odyssey" of 1968. In reality, this chaotic and rugged terrain would have been too difficult for an Apollo mission to access.
Courtesy of NASA
11/21
Michael Collins, pilot of the Apollo 11 control module, inspects NASA's lunar reception laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, where rock samples collected by Apollo have been badyzed. Gaseous nitrogen protected the rocks from accidental corrosion in the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the Earth.
Courtesy of NASA
12/21
NASA scientists are convinced that Apollo 11's Buzz Aldrin start-up prints are as clear and distinct as when first shot in 1969 because the moon does not look like nor the rain to erode them.
Courtesy of NASA
13/21
NASA's anechoic chambers are some of the quietest places on the planet. The walls absorb almost all the clutter, whether they are sound or radio. This 1972 shuttle model, whose radio characteristics are being tested, includes propellant pods at the wing tips.
Courtesy of NASA
14/21
Lightning strikes the launch pad of the Space Shuttle Challenger on August 30, 1983 before STS-8, the first launch of the space shuttle program before dawn. The launch canes are surrounded by tall lightning towers and other conductive systems. These create a giant "Faraday Cage", diverting the electrical charge from striking away from the spacecraft.
Courtesy of NASA
15/21
The ISS has been in continuous operation since November 2000. Its habitable volume is equivalent to a Boeing 747. An international crew of six lives and works at a speed of 8 km per second, orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes. . It is the most complex and ambitious engineering effort in history, even compared to Apollo.
Courtesy of NASA
16/21
The Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) is a hybrid of parachute and balloon technology. A new generation of flexible heat shield materials could deploy a huge shield from a small storage tank just before a spaceship hits the atmosphere of its target planet. In July 2012, a HIAD survived a trip to the Earth's atmosphere at 7,600 mph.
Courtesy of NASA
17/21
In April 2016, oceanographers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, badyzing Landsat 8 data, discovered mysterious lines criss-crossing the vegetation in the shallow waters of the northern Caspian Sea. before melting in the spring and leaving only these clues.
Courtesy of NASA
18/21
Curiosity made this self-portrait on August 5, 2015 by maneuvering the MAHLI camera (Mars Hand Lens Imager) at the end of a robotic arm three meters long. Several overlapping images were acquired and then digitally badembled by JPL image badysts. The arm has moved to a new position for each image but the camera has always pointed to a
"Vanishing point" to minimize parallax distortions.
Courtesy of NASA
19/21
The moon of Jupiter, Io, is reduced to nothing by the planet it orbits, as indicated by the Cbadini probe en route to Saturn. Cbadini's 13 year tour of the ringed planet has changed the course of planetary exploration.
Courtesy of NASA
20/21
A technician is about to unlock a small door integrated into the Transonic Wind Tunnel vanes at the Langley Research Center in 2010. They are preventing turbulent eddies from interfering with testing.
Courtesy of NASA
21/21
Courtesy of NASA
1/21
Ed White photographed by Jim McDivitt, commander of Gemini 4. In the first of 66 orbits, they tried in vain to get to the top floor of their Titan launcher. On McDivitt's advice, White waited for another orbit to recover from the effort of the missed rendezvous, and left Gemini for his release into the historic space on June 3, 1965.
Courtesy of NASA
2/21
Dave Scott, pilot of Apollo 9 CM, comes out of the hatch and tests some of the space suit systems that will be used for lunar operations. The picture was taken of Rusty Schweickart in March 1969 from the hatch of the moored LM.
Courtesy of NASA
3/21
The mother ship "Balls Three" flies over an X-15 in 1961. Three X-15 operational were built and
conducted 199 test flights between them, while they were pushing into the "envelopes" of speed and altitude and reaching the very limits of space.
Courtesy of NASA
4/21
The Cape Canaveral Mercury Control Center (MCC) supervised seven manned space flights between May 1961 and March 1965, until the beginning of the Gemini era. Meanwhile, Houston's most advanced control complex was taking shape before Apollo.
Courtesy of NASA
5/21
Robert McCall's prediction in the mid-1970s of the construction of a modular space station by NASA's space shuttle is close to what eventually happened, except that the real shuttles flew only one way. that time.
Courtesy of NASA
6/21
The technicians working at the base of Alan Shepard's Mercury-Redstone 3 launcher were drowned in steam on May 5, 1961, due to an excess of oxidizing gas. The following rockets could not be as close together when refueling.
Courtesy of NASA
7/21
The Rendezvous docking simulator at Langley has prepared Gemini astronauts for the strange physics of orbital flight.
Courtesy of NASA
8/21
Before the launch of Gemini 10, Commander John Young explains to the media how his co-pilot, Michael Collins, will inspect the target Agena docking vehicle when it came out in space in 1966.
Courtesy of NASA
9/21
Navy divers prepare to retrieve the crew of the Gemini 6A on December 16, 1965. The green dye was released by a spacecraft during an accelerated landing, making it easier to spot from the air.
Courtesy of NASA
10/21
The US Geological Survey map on the Tycho Crater, famous for the site of a mysterious extraterrestrial monolith in the science fiction film "2001: The Space Odyssey" of 1968. In reality, this chaotic and rugged terrain would have been too difficult for an Apollo mission to access.
Courtesy of NASA
11/21
Michael Collins, pilot of the Apollo 11 control module, inspects NASA's lunar reception laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, where rock samples collected by Apollo have been badyzed. Gaseous nitrogen protected the rocks from accidental corrosion in the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the Earth.
Courtesy of NASA
12/21
NASA scientists are convinced that Apollo 11's Buzz Aldrin start-up prints are as clear and distinct as when first shot in 1969 because the moon does not look like nor the rain to erode them.
Courtesy of NASA
13/21
NASA's anechoic chambers are some of the quietest places on the planet. The walls absorb almost all the clutter, whether they are sound or radio. This 1972 shuttle model, whose radio characteristics are being tested, includes propellant pods at the wing tips.
Courtesy of NASA
14/21
Lightning strikes the launch pad of the Space Shuttle Challenger on August 30, 1983 before STS-8, the first launch of the space shuttle program before dawn. The launch canes are surrounded by tall lightning towers and other conductive systems. These create a giant "Faraday Cage", diverting the electrical charge from striking away from the spacecraft.
Courtesy of NASA
15/21
The ISS has been in continuous operation since November 2000. Its habitable volume is equivalent to a Boeing 747. An international crew of six lives and works at a speed of 8 km per second, orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes. . It is the most complex and ambitious engineering effort in history, even compared to Apollo.
Courtesy of NASA
16/21
The Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) is a hybrid of parachute and balloon technology. A new generation of flexible heat shield materials could deploy a huge shield from a small storage tank just before a spaceship hits the atmosphere of its target planet. In July 2012, a HIAD survived a trip to the Earth's atmosphere at 7,600 mph.
Courtesy of NASA
17/21
In April 2016, oceanographers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, badyzing Landsat 8 data, discovered mysterious lines criss-crossing the vegetation in the shallow waters of the northern Caspian Sea. before melting in the spring and leaving only these clues.
Courtesy of NASA
18/21
Curiosity made this self-portrait on August 5, 2015 by maneuvering the MAHLI camera (Mars Hand Lens Imager) at the end of a robotic arm three meters long. Several overlapping images were acquired and then digitally badembled by JPL image badysts. The arm has moved to a new position for each image but the camera has always pointed to a
"Vanishing point" to minimize parallax distortions.
Courtesy of NASA
19/21
The moon of Jupiter, Io, is reduced to nothing by the planet it orbits, as indicated by the Cbadini probe en route to Saturn. Cbadini's 13 year tour of the ringed planet has changed the course of planetary exploration.
Courtesy of NASA
20/21
A technician is about to unlock a small door integrated into the Transonic Wind Tunnel vanes at the Langley Research Center in 2010. They are preventing turbulent eddies from interfering with testing.
Courtesy of NASA
21/21
Courtesy of NASA
According to the researchers, the reactivation of dormant viruses would have been caused by stress – the same factor that wakes them up on Earth.
In addition to being confined to small spaces and separated from family and friends for extended periods of time, astronauts are also subject to constraints during take-off and reentry, after which they are also exposed to Weightlessness and cosmic radiation.
The study found that four of eight human herpes viruses were detected, including oral, bad viruses, shingles and chicken pox.
However, although the viruses have "woken up", most astronauts have not exhibited symptoms.
"Only six astronauts have developed symptoms due to a viral reaction," said Mehta. "All were minors."
In addition to the increased possibility of infecting other people, the reactivation of the herpes virus raises concerns about future long-term missions to Mars.
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"The magnitude, frequency, and duration of viral shedding all increase with the duration of spaceflight," said Mehta. "The ideal countermeasure is the vaccination of astronauts – but this option is only available up to now against chicken pox."
Researchers are currently looking for methods to fight the reactivation of the virus, which would also benefit the people of the planet.
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