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XDR-TB, an abbreviation for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, is a form of tuberculosis resistant to at least four essential anti-TB drugs. XDR-TB involves resistance to the two most powerful antituberculous drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, also known as multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), in addition to resistance to one of the fluoroquinolones (such as levofloxacin or moxifloxacin and less than one of three injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, capreomycin or kanamycin).
MDR-TB and XDR-TB take much longer to treat than regular (drug-susceptible) TB and require the use of second-line, cost-effective and more effective TB drugs. side effects as first-line drugs. drugs used for drug-sensitive TB.
If TB bacteria are detected in the sputum, the diagnosis of tuberculosis can be made in a day or two. To confirm the XDR-TB, however, it can take 6 to 16 weeks.
X-TB patients can be cured, but with current medications, the chances of success are much lower than in patients with ordinary TB or even MDR-TB. Treatment depends on the extent of drug resistance, the severity of the disease and the weakening of the patient's immune system.
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