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A new meta-badysis showed that smokers could increase the risk of conbad heart defects in the unborn child, the leading cause of stillbirths. Although innovations in surgery have improved the quality of life of people with conbad heart defects, their health status lasts a lifetime, underscoring the need to reduce the risk factors that can contribute to its development.
Much previous research has highlighted the risks that maternal smoking during pregnancy exposes to fetal development, but paternal smoking has received less attention. A recently published study details a meta-badysis of existing evidence to determine the possible effects of smoking fathers on their future offspring. The results are not surprising.
It has been established that senior smokers increase the risk of conbad heart defects in unborn children by exposing the mother to second-hand smoke, which is more harmful to fetal development than lack of smoke. In contrast, women who smoked prior to pregnancy – but before becoming pregnant – were not badociated with an increased risk of conbad heart defects.
In addition, the new study found that a mother's exposure to second-hand smoke posed a risk to the fetus at all stages of pregnancy, including before becoming pregnant. According to the American Lung Association, secondary cigarette smoke causes 430 deaths each year from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in the United States.
Women should stop smoking before becoming pregnant or before becoming aware of their pregnancy in order to avoid conbad abnormalities and other risks badociated with smoking. In addition, the study highlights the need to avoid second-hand smoke, to which the father is more likely to be exposed.
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