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Dengue cases are on the rise in most Southeast Asian countries during the first months of 2019 compared to last year. Here is an overview of three countries:
The Philippines
More than 3,100 dengue cases were reported during the week ending April 6, bringing the total number of cases to 59,139 since the beginning of the year. 237 deaths related to dengue have been reported.
This compares with 32,611 cases with 175 deaths reported during the same period last year.
Vietnam
At the national level, a total of 52,482 cases and three deaths were reported as of 14 April 2019. Compared to the same period in 2018, where 15,505 cases and three deaths were reported, the cumulative number of cases
increased by 3.4 times.
Malaysia
Malaysia reported 43,276 cases of dengue fever and 67 deaths up to 28 April. More than 25,000 cases have been reported in Selangor State alone.
The national total is higher compared to 16,971 cases with 36 deaths reported during the same period in 2018.
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Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Four closely related but antigenically different virus serotypes can cause dengue fever (DEN1, DEN 2, DEN 3, DEN 4).
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- Dengue fever (DF) – characterized by the sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes and pain in the muscles and joints. Some may also have a rash and varying degrees of bleeding in various parts of the body (including nose, mouth and gums or bruising). Dengue fever has a broad spectrum of infection (asymptomatic to symptomatic). Symptomatic illness may range from dengue fever to more severe hemorrhagic fever.
- Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) – is a more serious form, observed only in a small proportion of infected persons. DH is a stereotypical disease characterized by 3 phases; febrile phase with high fever continues usually less than 7 days; critical phase (plasma leakage) lasting 1 to 2 days, usually apparent when the fever drops, causing shock if not detected and treated promptly; convalescence phase lasting 2 to 5 days with improvement of appetite, bradycardia (fast heart rate), convalescent rash (white plaques on a red background), often accompanied by generalized itching (more intense in the palms and soles of the feet) and diuresis (increase in urinary output).
- Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) – Shock syndrome is a dangerous complication of dengue fever and is badociated with high mortality. Severe dengue occurs as a result of secondary infection with a different serotype virus. Increased vascular permeability, badociated with myocardial dysfunction and dehydration, contributes to the occurrence of shock resulting in multiorgan failure.
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