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Candida auris – a mushroom, is one of the newest organisms to rampage humans with its resistant nature. It is also resistant to the available antifungal agents and is becoming a threat worldwide.
C. auris – Epidemiology and characteristics of the infection
The fungus is able to enter the bloodstream and can cause deadly infections. It was isolated and identified for the first time in 2009 in a Japanese patient. A 70-year-old woman admitted to a Tokyo hospital has been diagnosed with a oozing ear infection that is difficult to treat with conventional antifungals. C. auris was isolated from the infection. Microbiologists Kazuo Satoh and Koichi Makimura have named it "auris".
Candida auris mushrooms, multi-resistant emerging fungi, 3D illustration. Image credit: Kateryna Kon / Shutterstock
Over the years, its spread has been felt and is commonly found in hospitals and retirement homes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were 587 confirmed cases C. auris infection in the United States of New York, New Jersey and Illinois. The infection has spread to about fifteen countries, including India, Pakistan, Spain, South Africa and Venuzuela.
The major problem with C. auris the infection is its resistant nature. It can resist the main antifungals available for treatment. At present, more than 90% of auris infections are resistant to at least one antifungal agent and about 30% to two or more antifungal agents. This means that the infection by the fungus is difficult to treat and that once detected in an establishment, it is difficult to eradicate it.
C. auris usually affects the elderly, infants or newborns and mainly those with weakened immune systems. These people are also more likely to struggle to fight the infection. Healthy and normal people are less likely to contract C. auris infection. The infection usually manifests itself in fever, body aches, chills, fatigue, and so on.
C. auris threat
The CDC has put this fungus on the list of "serious threats", claiming that Candida is a common fungus, but that this species can be a life-threatening hazard. They said that nearly 50% of cases infected with C. auris succumb to infection within 90 days of infection. Dr. Tom Chiller, head of CDC's Mycotic Infections section, said, "It's a creature of the black lagoon. He has bubbled and is now everywhere. No public announcements have been made over the years for fear of panic.
C. auris l & # 39; history
According to a study entitled "Multiple introductions and subsequent transmission of multidrug-resistant infections Candida auris in the United States: a molecular epidemiological survey ", published last year in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, the transmission of C auris was reported from May 11, 2013 to August 31, 2017. The study was funded by the CDC.
The authors, led by Dr. Nancy Chow, conducted a molecular epidemiological investigation of the genes of C. auris patients from ten US states to understand its spread and genetic diversity. The states from which the isolates originate are "California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Mbadachusetts, New Jersey, Oklahoma and the United States. State of New Jersey ". South Africa, South Korea and Venezuela ".
They had a total of 133 cases, including 73 clinical cases and 60 cases of screening. From these the picture was;
- 66 (90%) cases were from South Asian isolates
- Five (7%) cases of South American isolates
- One case (1%) of African isolates
- One case (1%) of East Asian isolates
Of the clinical cases, 60 (82%) were from New York and New Jersey. Genetically, they were similar but distinct from South Asian isolates. Those in the United States were genetically similar to isolates from four regions of the world, write the authors of the study. They hypothesized that, although transmissions could have been caused by travel, there also appeared to be local transmissions that led to genetic diversity.
Another press release from last year indicates that the C. auris outbreak was related to temperature probes or reusable thermometers. This news published by the BMJ in 2018 showed that a group of patients in an intensive care unit of a British hospital was infected with contaminated thermometers.
Senior researcher David Eyre of the Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, said in a statement: "Our findings indicate that reusable equipment for patients can be a source of epidemics badociated with Health care. C auris.
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