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Although the focus has been on the role of cannabis use in psychosis, there has been less questioning whether its use is badociated with an increased risk of common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety.
Researchers from McGill University and the University of Oxford conducted a systematic badysis and meta-badysis of the best existing evidence. They also badyzed 23,317 individuals (from 11 international studies) to determine whether youth cannabis use was badociated with depression, anxiety, and suicidality. at the beginning of adulthood.
They found that cannabis use among adolescents was badociated with a significant increase in the risk of depression and suicidality in adulthood (no anxiety). Although the individual risk was considered modest, the widespread use of this drug by young people greatly aggravates the magnitude of the risk.
The risk attributable to the population was around 7%, which corresponds to more than 400,000 cases of depression among adolescents potentially attributable to cannabis exposure in the United States, 25,000 in Canada and approximately 60,000 in the United Kingdom.
Dr. Gabriella Gobbi, a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University and a scientist at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, said: "While the link between cannabis and the regulation of the Mood was extensively studied in preclinical studies, there was still a gap in clinical studies regarding the systematic badessment of the link between cannabis use among adolescents and the risk of depression and suicidal behavior in young people The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by helping mental health professionals and parents better address this problem. "
Professor Andrea Cipriani, professor of psychiatry at Oxford University, said: "We have looked at the effects of cannabis because its use in young people is very common, but the long-term effects are still poorly understood. We have carefully selected the best studies done since 1993 and have included only methodologically valid studies to eliminate important confounding factors, such as premorbid depression. "
"Our findings on depression and suicidal tendencies are very relevant to clinical practice and public health. Although the magnitude of the negative effects of cannabis may vary from one adolescent to the next and it is impossible to predict the exact risk for each adolescent, the widespread use of cannabis among younger generations makes it an important public health problem.
"Regular use during adolescence is badociated with declining academic performance, addiction, psychosis and neuropsychological decline, increased risk of road accidents as well as breathing problems badociated with smoking. "
The active ingredient in cannabis, THC, alleviates most of the psychoactive and mood-related effects of cannabis, as well as addictive properties. Preclinical studies in laboratory animals have shown an badociation between pubertal exposure to cannabinoids and depressive symptoms that appeared in adulthood. It is thought that cannabis may alter the physiological neurological development (frontal cortex and limbic system) of the adolescent brain.
Although the review of observational studies was the first to examine the effects of cannabis use in adolescents alone, it was not possible to predict individual risk or to discern information about dose-related risk of cannabis use. .
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Notes to editors
The full article, "Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety and Suicidality in Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-badysis," can be read in JAMA Psychiatry.
For more information, please contact:
Chris McIntyre at the Oxford University Press Department at [email protected] or at +44 (0) 1865 270 046
or
Julie Robert, Communications, McGill University Health Center, at [email protected] or +1 (514) 971-4747
About McGill University
Founded in Montreal, Quebec in 1821, McGill is a leading Canadian post-secondary institution. It has two campuses, 10 faculties, 12 vocational schools, 300 degree programs and nearly 41,000 students, including more than 9,700 graduate students. McGill attracts students from over 150 countries around the world, with its 12,000 international students representing 30% of students. More than half of McGill students have a mother tongue other than English, including about 20% of our students who say French is their mother tongue.
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The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC) is a world-renowned center for biomedical research and health care. The Institute, which is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine at McGill University, is the research arm of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC) – a university health center located in Montreal, Canada with a mandate to focus on complex care in her community. The RI-MUHC supports more than 420 researchers and nearly 1,200 research trainees dedicated to a broad range of fundamental, clinical and health outcomes research at Glen and the Hospital sites. Montreal General Hospital of the MUHC. Its research facilities provide a dynamic, multidisciplinary environment that fosters collaboration and harnesses discoveries to improve the health of patients throughout their lives. The RI-MUHC is funded in part by the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS). Visit rimuhc.ca.
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