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Colonization with the Staphylococcus aureus The bacterium was significantly and independently badociated with food allergy in young children with eczema enrolled in a pivotal peanut allergy prevention study.
S. aureus is a marker of severe eczema and early eczema is a widely recognized risk factor for the development of food allergies in young children.
But results from the cohort of the Early Learning Study About Ceanut Allergy (LEAP) show that even after controlling for the severity of eczema, the S. aureus positivity was badociated with an increased risk of developing allergies to peanuts, eggs and cow's milk.
S. aureus Colonization was also badociated with persistent egg allergy up to at least 5 or 6 years in the LEAP cohort badysis of Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Senior researcher, Olympia Tsilochristou, MD, of Kings College London, said in a press release that the findings could help explain why young children with eczema are at a very high risk of developing food allergies. Although the exact mechanisms linking the two are not known, "our results suggest that the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus could be an important factor contributing to this result, "she said.
The results also suggest that S. aureus colonization can inhibit peanut tolerance in infants at risk when peanuts are introduced very early in life.
Of the nine participants in the peanut consumption study group (that is, no peanut allergy at baseline) who had confirmed a peanut allergy at 60 and 72 months, all but one were colonized with S. aureus during one or more LEAP study visits.
"The fact that S. aureus has been badociated with an increased risk of peanut allergy in peanut users, but not in those avoiding peanuts, which also suggests that peanut consumption was less effective in the prevention of allergy peanuts among S. aureus compared to those without S. aureus, "wrote the researchers.
The LEAP study included infants aged 4 to 11 months with severe eczema, allergy to eggs or both. Babies were randomized to eat peanuts for therapeutic purposes or to avoid peanuts, and all had a clinical evaluation of eczema and a culture of skin and nasal swabs at baseline.
The LEAP-On follow-up study evaluated children at the age of 72 months, after 12 months of avoiding peanuts in both groups.
Skin and nasal swabs were obtained at baseline and at 12, 30 and 60 months of age. 48.8% of the participants had a form of S. aureus colonization (32.2% of the skin and 32.3% of the nose) at least one LEAP study visit, most of which had only a positive test result. The highest colonization rates were recorded at 4 to 11 months of age.
S. aureus colonization was significantly badociated with the severity of eczema, as well as with the production of immunoglobulin E specific for chicken egg white and peanut (IgS) every visit to LEAP. However, even after controlling for the severity of eczema, concentrations of white and chicken peanut sap at each LEAP visit and LEAP-On were significantly badociated with the skin. S. aureus positivity, the team noted.
"This relationship was even stronger when we looked at the production of chicken egg white and high-level peanut sap," the researchers wrote. "Similar results were noted for cow's milk, where high IgE production in milk at 30, 60 and 72 months was skin-related S. aureus colonization. Together, these data suggest that S. aureus is badociated with allergy to chicken eggs, peanuts and cow's milk ".
In the LEAP study, it was found that very early consumption of peanuts reduced the risk of allergy to peanut at 60 months in infants at high risk of developing an allergy , but that infants of the consumer branch of the study S. aureus Colonization was about seven and four times more likely to have peanut allergy confirmed at 60 and 72 months, the team said.
Tsilochristou and his co-authors noted that the strengths of the study included rigorous design; one limitation was the use of bacteriological culture to identify S. aureus colonization rather than using DNA-based tests.
"S. aureus has been implicated in the development and severity of atopic diseases, namely eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma; our findings extend these observations to the development of a food allergy independent of the severity of eczema, "concluded the investigators.
"The role of S. aureus As a potential environmental factor, future interventions to induce and maintain tolerance to food allergens in eczematous infants should be considered. Additional prospective longitudinal studies measuring S. aureus with more advanced techniques and eradicating interventional studies S. aureus toddler will help elucidate its role in the development of eczema or food allergy, "wrote the team.
Funding for the research was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the Council for Medical Research and the British Asthma Center, the UK Department of Health and the Ministry of Health. other.
Tsilochristou said he received grants from the Clemens von Pirquet Foundation when carrying out the study; The lead investigator of the study said he received contributions from NIAID, the UK Food Standards Agency, Food Allergy Research & Education, the UK Department of Health and the National Peanut Board. .
2019-05-31T14: 30: 00-0400
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