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The search for a global vaccine against streptococcus type A shrank after researchers sequenced the DNA of more than 2,000 people in group A. Streptococcus samples from around the world. Wellcome Sanger researchers
Institute, Cambridge University, Peter Doherty Institute for
Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute) in Australia and the
University of Queensland, Australia, revealed the differences between
strains from more than 20 countries and identified potential vaccines
targets present on most strains.
Posted today in Genetic nature, the 10 year project
found that there were molecular targets present in the bacterial strains
of the 20 countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and India, which represents
indicate the possibility of developing an effective global vaccine
against Strep A.
group A Streptococcus bacterium, commonly called Strep A,
is one of the top 10 leading causes of infectious disease deaths worldwide.
It is estimated that it causes more than half a million deaths per year *,
mainly in low-income regions of the world. It can cause a lot of different
infections, ranging from strep throat, which is widespread in
developed, scarlet fever and rheumatic heart disease, which are
constantly present and considered endemic in the low-income regions of the
world.
There is still no effective vaccine against streptococcus A and the search for a
the vaccine is hampered by the variety of strains of streptococci A. Until now, most
information comes from high-income regions such as the United Kingdom and
United States, however, very little is known about streptococcus A in low-income areas
of the world where it poses the most problems. It means that the current
vaccine candidates may not be effective in all areas.
To remedy this, the researchers collected more than 2000 samples of
Strep A from 22 countries of the world, including
Africa and the Pacific, Indigenous New Zealand and Australia
communities. By sequencing and badyzing the DNA of each sample, they
were able to determine the genes present in each strain and see the
variety of strains around the world.
The project revealed that the main current vaccine candidates against Strep A
would have limited coverage in low-income areas where streptococcus A is
endemic and the vaccine is most needed.
Mark Davies, lead author of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and
The Doherty Institute of the University of Melbourne, said: "Large-scale use
genomic sequencing, we have identified the existence of over 290
genetically different Strep A lines clinically important,
highlighting the challenges of designing an effective global vaccine.
However, using all the data we have collected, we have reduced the common genes
in almost all strains of Strep A in the world. It's a great step
determine what could work as a global candidate for the vaccine. "
Gordon Dougan, author of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and
University of Cambridge, said: "Millions of people around the world are
affected by Streptococcus A. It can cause various conditions, ranging from
throat and epidemics of scarlet fever in the UK, to infections leading to
Rheumatic heart disease in populations such as Australia
Aboriginal population. In addition to helping research on a vaccine,
The genomic data from our study will help researchers understand how Strep A
cause the disease and why it is different in high endemic areas
the regions."
Professor Mark Walker, lead author of the journal and director of
Australian Center for Infectious Disease Research, University of
Queensland, said: "This research has the potential to accelerate the treatment of a
the streptococcal A vaccine we so badly needed as designers and scientists at large
the community can now use our database to identify the most common genes
vaccine targets. I believe that a global vaccine is possible and these
results of the research, in addition to the increase in funding commitments,
regain momentum towards finding a global vaccine. "
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