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Health experts have warned for years that men and women with excess abdominal fat have a greater risk of developing cardiovascular problems. However, according to a new study, people with abdominal or central obesity are not the only ones at risk.
The study found that physically active men who were not overweight but whose height / height ratio was close to the risk threshold were also more likely to develop heart problems than individuals with a lower resolution.
The study was conducted by Brazilian researchers affiliated with the State University of São Paulo (UNESP) in the countries of Presidente Prudente and Marília, in collaboration with colleagues from the University Oxford Brookes in the United Kingdom. The study is the result of a research project supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP and is published in the journal Scientific reports.
"We found that healthy, physically active, non-overweight individuals with no history of metabolic or cardiovascular disease but with near-risk factor TOS were more likely to develop heart problems than individuals with less fat accumulated at the waist, "said Vitor. Engrácia Valenti, professor at UNESP Marília and senior researcher of the study, said.
According to Valenti, recent research suggests that WSR (waist circumference divided by height) is a more accurate predictor of cardiovascular risk than body mbad index (BMI), a widely used measure of body fat.
The researchers then studied this hypothesis by badyzing the autonomous recovery of heart rate after aerobic exercise in healthy men with different TSR. To this end, 52 physically active, healthy men aged 18 to 30 years were divided into the following three groups according to SR: between 0.40 and 0.449, which is below the risk threshold for cardiovascular disease; between 0.45 and 0.50, which is close to the threshold; and between 0.50 and 0.56, which is greater than the threshold.
The participants were tested on two different days with an interval of 48 hours between the two tests. On the first day, they sat and rested for 15 minutes, then performed a maximum stress test on a treadmill. After this aerobic exercise, they remained standing and resting for three minutes, then sitting and resting for the next 57 minutes, an hour of recovery after exercise.
"This test proved that they were all physically active.These were not athletes, but they had the habit of playing football on weekends, for example," Valenti said.
The second day, they warmed for five minutes, then at 60% of their maximum effort for 25 minutes.
Their heart rate and variability were measured at rest and six times during the recovery hour to badess their autonomic recovery rate after physical activity.
"Autonomous heart rate recovery time is a good indicator of the risk of cardiovascular complications immediately following aerobic exercise and the development of heart disease," Valenti said. "If the heart rate takes a long time to return to normal, it means that the person is at significant risk of developing a heart condition."
Interaction with the nervous system
The badysis of the measurements showed that the autonomous recovery was slower in the groups whose TSR were close and above the risk threshold of heart disease after the maximum stress test and the exercise aerobic moderate.
"We found that volunteers in the group whose TSR were close to the risk limit were also more likely to develop cardiovascular disorders," Valenti said.
UNESP researchers performed statistical badyzes that included correlation coefficient tests and linear regression models to look for meaningful badociations between TOS and heart rate variability after physical activity.
The results of the statistical badyzes suggested that the two factors were the most strongly correlated during the first 10 minutes of the post-exercise recovery period, during the reactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
Among the other functions, the PNS, one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, slows the heart rate and reduces blood pressure via the release of hormones.
"We found that SNP activity decreased as TSR increased, which increased the risk of cardiovascular disease," Valenti said.
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