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The first study of this type, published online in the journal, is linked to a high-fat diet, to adverse changes in the type and number of intestinal bacteria, collectively called the microbiome, as well as to an increase inflammatory triggers in the body. Intestine.
The researchers believe that these effects can sow the seeds necessary for the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
The results could be particularly important for countries where food habits are becoming more Westernized, along with the growing wealth of the population, they added.
Previous experimental research suggests that a high-fat diet creates an imbalance in intestinal bacteria and intestinal leakage, while observational studies suggest that diet is strongly related to the volume and type of bacteria in the diet. ;intestine.
The researchers wanted to see if different levels of dietary fat could alter intestinal bacteria in healthy young adults in China, where eating habits go from a traditional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet to a relatively high-fat diet. fats and carbohydrates.
The researchers divided 217 healthy, healthy people aged 18 to 35, of normal weight into three dietary groups by altering the ratio of carbohydrates-white rice and wheat flour oil and mostly soy-but-fat maintaining, keeping the same fiber and protein content.
The three diets were as follows: low fat, equivalent to 20% of energy intake; moderate fat, equal to 30% of the energy intake; and high in fat, accounting for 40% of energy intake.
Each participant followed his diet for six months and his impact on the inflammatory and bacterial triggers of his bowel was evaluated in blood and stool samples taken at the beginning and at the end of six months.
After six months, participants in all three groups had lost weight, those on a low fat diet losing the most. However, some changes, with potential long-term health implications, were evident in the high-fat diet group samples.
Although there were no major changes in the overall volume of intestinal bacteria among the three groups, the number of beneficial bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, increased in the group of low fat diets.
Butryate is an essential source of energy for intestinal cells and has anti-inflammatory properties.
In contrast, the number of these beneficial bacteria had decreased in the high-fat diet group, while the number of "useless" bacteria found in the intestines of people with type 2 diabetes, for example, had increased.
Some bacteria, such as Blautia species, badociated with lower cholesterol levels, were abundant among those who follow a low-fat diet. Bacteroides species, badociated with higher cholesterol levels, were more common in people with a high fat diet.
In addition, the high-fat diet was badociated with significant and potentially adverse changes in long-chain fatty acid metabolism, resulting in increased concentrations of chemicals that could cause inflammation. The opposite was true for the low fat diet.
The researchers point out that sampling was only done at the beginning and at the end of the test and that a more complete picture of microbial changes would have appeared with more sampling. frequent.
And since all three groups lost weight, it is unclear whether weight loss caused the changes, or conversely, and the study participants were all young, healthy, and heavy. normal, the results might not be more widely applicable, they add.
But the results seem to illustrate the need to reduce dietary fat intake, they suggest.
"Compared to a low-fat diet, the long-term consumption of a high-fat diet seems to be undesirable …. higher fat content," the researchers conclude.
But their results could also have implications for other countries, they suggest. "These results could also be relevant in developed countries where fat intake is already high," they add.
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Peer examined? Yes
Type of evidence: randomized controlled trial
Topics: People
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