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Among the many ways in which the ecosystem of microbes in the gut and other tissues can affect health, its potential influences on the brain can be the most challenging. At present, a study of two large groups of Europeans has shown that several species of intestinal bacteria are absent in people with depression. Researchers can not say if the absence is a cause or effect of the disease, but they have shown that many intestinal bacteria could produce substances that affect the functioning of nerve cells, and possibly even mood. Meanwhile, a Swiss team is testing the effectiveness of fecal transplants in relieving depression.
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