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The European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) is the largest event in the world devoted to cutting-edge topics in clinical microbiology and infection. The 29th The ECCMID event is held from 13 to 16 April (2019) in Amsterdam and brought together various experts who presented their latest findings, experiences and guidelines to an audience of over 12,000 people.
This year's multi-faceted program includes lectures and oral sessions as well as interactive workshops, expert meeting sessions, long poster sessions, a corner of the pipeline and a wide range of seminars. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the key themes of this year's conference and to update readers on current research.
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Professor Jean-Michel Molina from Paris Diderot University, Professor Ron Dagan, Head of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of Soroka, Israel, and Dr. Trevor Lawley of the Wellcome Sanger Institute, as well as Dr. a host of others from various countries.
The sessions focused on the prophylactic approaches to HIV / STIs, hepatitis B and tuberculosis, as well as ancient studies on DNA and new pathways for commensal bacteria transmission.
Professor Ramakrishnan, a world-renowned researcher in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, also presented a captivating lecture. Some of his discoveries using the zebrafish model (presented for the first time at this conference) have defined new ways of explaining the poor results of central nervous system tuberculosis (where mortality exceeds 30% despite treatment) and have identified relevant targets for host-directed treatment. therapy using recycled drugs.
Microbiome studies
During the session titled "The Microbiome Through Life", Carvalho et al. A large multicenter study has demonstrated that carrying relevant antimicrobial resistance genes among the normal microbiota of mothers and their infants in low and middle-income countries of Africa and South Asia is relatively common. and can be an important factor for the development of the disease. neonatal sepsis in these countries.
In addition, Reyman et al. showed how childbirth affects the development of the infant's gut microbiota whether or not the mothers received antibiotics during the perinatal period. Differences between taxa were found to be correlated with infant respiratory health.
Patrick Murray #eccmid"The speed of microbiology is not what happens between the walls of a laboratory, but the whole process, from trial to report." https://t.co/mYRZcANDPY
– Heiman Wertheim (@HeimanW) April 14, 2019
New diagnostic tools
New approaches to diagnose bacterial and fungal diseases have also been discussed. Jena researchers in Germany have shown how Raman spectroscopy can be used quickly and easily to detect infected neutrophils and fungal pathogenic fungi with reduced intervention time.
It is hoped that these discoveries will encourage new experiments in whole blood infection to explore new possibilities for etiquette-independent and culture-independent diagnostic tools and hence for faster antibiotic de-escalation. in case of sepsis. These new tools in our diagnostic arsenal are absolutely necessary.
Similarly, Miao and Hu from China's Zhongshan Hospital showed how next-generation metagenomic sequencing can generate greater sensitivity for the early identification of pathogens (especially in cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses, anaerobic bacteria and fungi), may contribute to the management of antimicrobials and are much less affected by previous exposure to antibiotics – thus becoming a promising technology.
The first commercially available chronic metagenomic diagnostic test was recently launched by CosmosID, a tool that greatly helps in the detection of polymicrobial and mixed infections, as well as in the evaluation of community resistance.
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Antimicrobial resistance – should we reconsider phage treatment?
Bacteriophage bacterial treatment is a prominent emerging strategy for treating antibiotic-resistant infections, and several attempts have been successful in this area.
Researchers from Sydney, Australia, and San Diego, USA, described their experience of applying intravenous bacteriophage for the treatment of critically ill patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections not responding to antibiotic therapy. Immunomodulation during treatment with a bacteriophage was deduced from the host transcriptome, and staphylococcal DNA experienced a noticeable decrease.
Several new rapid methods for badessing antimicrobial susceptibility have also been presented. German researchers have shown that it is possible to carry out sensitivity tests with the direct target growth test of microdroplets based on MALDI-TOF mbad spectrometry and to obtain accurate results in the 4, 5 hours.
In the first large-scale study that applied isothermal microcalorimetry to clinical microbiology, Tellapragada et al. demonstrated how the method can be applied to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of essential antimicrobials in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.
International collaboration
Finally, the work of the health-i-care project, focused on the development of innovative products and technologies to protect the public from infection and to combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, was highlighted at the congress.
This project is part of the INTERREG Germany-Netherlands program and several key results have been presented. EcHECk (a rapid and reliable test for the detection of infections caused by enterohaemorrhagic bacteria) has been one of the most remarkable developments. Escherichia coli), and easy-to-read agar plate plates that facilitate culture-guided antibiotic prophylaxis for prostate biopsies.
For more information on ECCMID, visit ECCMID.org.
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