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Results from a new US study indicate that more than a quarter of men and women suffer from osteopenia, which puts them at risk of developing osteoporosis, suggesting that bone health should be more widely available.
Martha Ann Bbad, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management at the University of Mississippi, Oxford, and her colleagues studied more than 170 people aged 35 and over. at age 50 without known affection.
The bone mineral density (BMD) badyzes revealed that 28% of men and 26% of women suffered from osteopenia at the femoral neck. The results surprised participants and researchers, who did not expect the disease to be more prevalent among men.
"We generally badociate the loss of BMD with postmenopausal women, but our findings have shown a high risk in younger men," Bbad said in a press release from the American Osteopathic Association.
"Almost all participants with osteopenia were surprised, and I think it's more of a problem than expected," she said.
The research, published in the June issue of Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, also shows that despite relatively high exercise levels in this study cohort, there was a negative correlation between exercise and BMD in men.
Bbad points out that the majority of men in the study reported cycling as their preferred exercise, while more "buoyant" exercises such as walking, running and jumping are badociated with maintaining BMD.
And she added that it was possible to overestimate the value of calcium in maintaining bone health: "Calcium plays a bigger role when bones are still developing." After that, the body starts to rely on loading exercises to strengthen the bones. "
"It really means using it or losing it," she said.
Bone health in early medieval people is poorly understood
Osteoporosis has become an important public health problem. One study estimates that an osteoporotic fracture occurs every 3 seconds, most often in the spinal vertebrae, the femoral head, or the hip.
It is estimated that the global incidence of fractures will increase by 310% in men and by 240% among women by 2050.
However, the condition is much more common among women than men after the age of 50, affecting about 8.2 million women versus 2.0 million men aged 50 and over in 2010.
The researchers point out, however, that adults can also develop osteopenia and osteoporosis in their early years, but that the population is not adequately studied.
They therefore conducted a cross-sectional study in which men and women aged 35 to 50 years completed a questionnaire on calcium intake, the number of hours of exercise per week and of 39 other factors related to osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Participants, who had no previously known health problems and did not take medications that could affect BMD, had their BMD measured at the femoral hip and lumbar spine by dual X-ray absorptiometry. energy.
A total of 173 people participated in the study, of which 92 (53%) were women and 162 (94%) were white.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 48% and 23%, respectively, for men and 28% and 22% for women.
The questionnaires indicated that 87% of men and 86% of women consumed less than three servings of dairy products per day, while 68% of men and 56% of women reported exercising at least 20 times per month.
Researchers point out that this "level of exercise is not typical of the American population," citing the 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, which showed that only 21% of adults were living up to the American guidelines. American College of Sports Medicine for sufficient exercise.
The badysis of BMD results showed that 28% of men and 26% of women suffered from osteopenia at the femoral neck and that 6% and 2% respectively suffered from osteoporosis of the lumbar spine.
There was a significant negative correlation between exercise status and BMD in the femoral neck in men (r = -0.296; P = .01).
In women, on the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between exercise status and trochanter BMD (r = 0.329; P = 0.03), the intertrochanteric crest (r = 0.285; P = .01), total femur (r = 0.30; P = .01), and the lumbar spine (r = 0.29; P = .01).
The results also indicate that there was a significant relationship between weight and body mbad index (BMI) and BMD at the trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, total femur, and lumbar spine (P <0.05).
In women, weight was significantly related to BMD in each of the same sites, although BMI was badociated with BMD only in femoral sites (P <0.05).
Osteopathic doctors can help with prevention
The team writes that screening measures and preventative interventions against osteopenia and osteoporosis are needed for men and women of middle age.
However, the general population "may not be sufficiently informed … or have little interest in being scanned, because of fears about exposure to radiation and cost".
"Educational interventions need to be implemented to eliminate these misperceptions and barriers."
They continue: "Preventive interventions should aim to maintain bone mineral density and bone mbad in people of early middle age who are following a nutritious diet containing sufficient calcium and vitamin D."
In the United States, at least, they consider osteopaths to be the "ideal setting" for educational and preventive interventions, thanks to the "philosophy of osteopathic medicine centered on the patient and the intimate relationship between patient and patient". 39, osteopathic doctor of first resort. "
The team also believes that insurance companies could offer incentives to people under the age of 50 who are taking steps to reverse the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis.
These include quitting smoking, exercising weight, increasing calcium intake and reducing alcohol consumption. Insurance companies could offer people aged 35 to 50 to take charge of the DMO scanner.
Researchers suggest that "by funding preventive screening and incentives, insurance companies would reduce spending on osteoporotic fractures by individual consumers as well as by insurance companies."
No financing or conflict of interests declared.
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019; 119: 357-363. Full Text
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