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Nigeria is the 16th least peaceful country in the world, according to the 2019 edition of the Global Peace Index (GPI). With 148 out of 163 countries, the most populous black nation maintained its position the year before, although its score increased by 0.025 from 2.873 in 2018 to 2.898 in 2019.
The report, released Wednesday, "measures the state of peace using three thematic areas: the level of security and protection of society, the extent of ongoing national and international conflicts, and the degree of militarization. .
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"The GPI covers 99.7% of the world's population and uses 23 qualitative and quantitative indicators from well-respected sources."
Iceland and New Zealand retained their positions as the first and second most peaceful countries, while Portugal dethroned Austria to occupy third position.
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Syria has moved from being the least peaceful country to the second rank, while Afghanistan has lost a place to become the least peaceful country.
According to the report, produced by the Institute of Economy and Peace (IEP), Ukraine, Sudan, Egypt, North Macedonia and Rwanda recorded the largest peace improvements in 2019.
As in 2018, Nigeria ranked 40th out of 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with Mauritius at the top of the rankings, while South Sudan ranked last.
"Although the number of countries affected by internal conflict has increased, the number of deaths has decreased because of the lower intensity of conflict in Syria, Ukraine and Nigeria," the book says.
"The consequences of lack of water have also affected conflict dynamics in Nigeria. Lake Chad, which is one of the main sources of income from fishing and agriculture, has lost 90% of its area in the last 40 years due to climate change and mismanagement from the environment. Unemployment and the resulting food insecurity contributed to Boko Haram's successful recruitment of unemployed youth into the region. "
Although peace has increased slightly, the organization added that the 2019 IPV indicated that "the conflicts and crises that have emerged over the last decade remain unresolved".
"The average level of peace in the world has improved very slightly last year compared to the 2019 World Peace Index (IPS). It was the first time that the The index has improved over the past five years. The average score of the countries has improved by -0.09%, with 86 countries improving and 76 recording deteriorations, "the report says.
"In summary, the 2019 GPI reveals a world in which the tensions, conflicts and crises that have emerged over the last decade are unresolved, but progress has been made in achieving peace.
"However, while in some cases long-term conflicts have begun to subside or at least stabilize, the underlying causes of many of these conflicts have not been resolved and the potential for outbreaks of violence remains very real.
"New tensions have also emerged and growing discontent with governments around the world has led to a growing authoritarian response in some countries."
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