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acute respiratory distress syndrome: This is a condition in which fluid can collect in the smallest air sacs of the lung. Plus, foaming surfactants – which allow the lungs to expand fully when people inhale – can break down. Over time, the disease can scar and stiffen the lung tissue. This syndrome is usually a symptom of another illness or injury and can result in low levels of oxygen in the blood, rapid breathing, and unusual lung noises (such as clicking, bubbling, or clicking).
aggressive: (n. aggressiveness) Quick to fight or to argue, or energetic in making efforts to succeed or win.
antibiotic: Germ-killing substance, usually prescribed as a medicine (or sometimes as a feed additive to promote the growth of livestock). It does not work against viruses.
antibody: One of the many proteins that the body produces from B cells and releases into the blood supply as part of its immune response. Antibody production is triggered when the body encounters an antigen, a foreign material. The antibodies then attach themselves to the antigens first to deactivate the germs or other foreign substances which were at the origin of these antigens.
bacteria: (singular: bacterium) Unicellular organisms. These inhabit almost everywhere on Earth, from the bottom of the sea to the interior of other living organisms (such as plants and animals). Bacteria are one of the three areas of life on Earth.
cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. Usually too small to be seen with the naked eye, it consists of a watery fluid surrounded by a membrane or wall. Depending on their size, animals are made up of thousands to billions of cells. Most organisms, such as yeasts, molds, bacteria, and some algae, are made up of a single cell.
chronic: A condition, such as an illness (or its symptoms, including pain) that lasts for a long time.
COVID-19[female[feminine: A name given to the disease that caused a massive global epidemic. It first appeared in December 2019 and is caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms may include pneumonia, difficulty breathing, feeling too tired to walk more than a few steps, fever, headache, low blood oxygen, blood clots, and “fog”. cerebral.
cytokine: A substance secreted by certain cells of the immune system that the body uses to have a special controlling effect on other cells. Examples include interferons, interleukins, and growth factors.
The data: Facts and / or statistics collected together for analysis but not necessarily organized in such a way as to make sense of them. For numeric information (the type stored by computers), that data is usually numbers stored in binary code, represented as strings of zeros and ones.
defense: (in biology) A natural protective action taken or a chemical response that occurs when a species faces predators or agents that could harm it. (adj. defensive)
development: (in biology) The growth of an organism from conception to adulthood, often undergoing changes in chemistry, size and sometimes even shape
Diabetes: A condition in which the body makes too little insulin, a hormone (known as type 1 disease) or ignores the presence of too much insulin when it is present (called type 2 diabetes ).
diet: (n.) Foods and liquids ingested by an animal to provide it with the nutrition it needs to grow and maintain good health. (v.) Adopt a specific diet plan. People may adopt a specific diet for religious or ethical reasons, to fight food allergies, to control their body weight, or to control a disease such as high blood pressure or diabetes.
digest: (name: digestion) Break down foods into simple compounds that the body can absorb and use for growth. Some wastewater treatment plants exploit microbes to digest – or degrade – waste so that the degradation products can be recycled for use elsewhere in the environment.
feces: Solid waste from a body, consisting of undigested food, bacteria and water. Larger animal droppings are sometimes also referred to as droppings.
influenza: Abbreviation of influenza. It is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract causing fever and severe pain. This often occurs as an epidemic.
intestine: An informal term for the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the intestines.
host: (in biology and medicine) The organism (or environment) in which something else resides. Humans can be a temporary host for food poisoning germs or other infectious agents. (v.) Providing a home or environment for something.
immune system: The collection of cells and their responses that help the body fight infections and deal with foreign substances that can cause allergies.
immunity: The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or poison by providing cells to eliminate, kill or disarm the dangerous substance or infectious germ. Or, when used colloquially, it signifies the ability to avoid some other type of negative impact (such as dismissal from a job or bullying).
odd: (n. impairment) To damage or weaken in one way or another.
infection: A disease that can spread from one organism to another. It is usually caused by some type of germ.
Latinx: An adjective for people from Latin America or with ancestors from there. It’s a non-sexist (or non-binary) alternative to Latino or Latina.
link: A connection between two people or things.
marker pen: (in biomedicine) The presence of a substance that can generally only be present because it signals a disease, a pollutant or an event (such as the attachment of a spot or a molecular flag). As such, this substance will serve as a sign – or marker – of this related thing.
microbe: Abbreviation for microorganism. A living being too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, certain fungi, and many other organisms such as amoebae. Most consist of a single cell.
microbiologist: Scientists who study microorganisms, the infections they might cause, or the ways they can interact with their environment.
microbiome: The scientific term for all microorganisms – bacteria, viruses, fungi and others – which occupy a permanent residence in the body of a human or another animal.
molecule: An electrically neutral group of atoms that represents the smallest possible amount of a chemical compound. Molecules can be made up of unique types of atoms or of different types. For example, the oxygen in the air is made up of two oxygen atoms (O2), but water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2THE).
obesity: (adj. obese) Extreme overweight. Obesity is associated with a wide range of health problems, including type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.
organ: (in biology) Various parts of an organism which fulfill one or more particular functions. For example, an ovary is an organ that produces eggs, the brain is an organ that makes sense of nerve signals, and a plant’s roots are organs that take up nutrients and moisture.
Strategies: Plans, stated guidelines or agreed rules of action to be applied in certain specific circumstances. For example, a school might have a policy on when to allow snow days or how many excused absences it would allow a student in a given year.
protein: A compound made up of one or more long chains of amino acids. Proteins are an essential part of all living organisms. They form the basis of living cells, muscles and tissues; they also do the work inside the cells. Some of the best-known autonomic proteins are hemoglobin (in the blood) and antibodies (also in the blood) which try to fight infections. Drugs frequently work by sticking to proteins.
respiratory: From or referring to parts of the body involved in breathing (called the respiratory system). It includes the lungs, nose, sinuses, throat, and other major airways.
risk: The chance or mathematical probability that a bad thing could happen. For example, exposure to radiation poses a risk of cancer. Or the danger – or the peril – itself. (For example: Some of the cancer risks people faced included radiation and drinking water contaminated with arsenic..)
SARS-CoV-2: A coronavirus that appeared in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. It is believed to continue to cause widespread – and sometimes fatal – disease across China and many other countries. Its name reflects its close similarity to the original coronavirus known as SARS (for severe acute respiratory syndrome). This SARS virus triggered a worldwide epidemic of disease in 2003.
signaling molecule: Substance created by an organism and released into the environment.
species: A group of similar organisms capable of producing offspring that can survive and reproduce.
stool: (in medicine) Another name for feces.
stress: (in biology) A factor – such as unusual temperatures, movement, humidity, or pollution – that affects the health of a species or ecosystem.
symptom: A physical or mental indicator generally considered to be characteristic of a disease. Sometimes a single symptom – especially a general symptom, such as fever or pain – can be a sign of one of many types of injury or illness.
syndrome: Two or more symptoms that together characterize a particular disease, disorder or social condition.
T cells: A family of white blood cells, also called lymphocytes, which are the main players in the immune system. They fight diseases and can help the body cope with harmful substances.
therapy: (adj. therapeutic) Treatment intended to relieve or cure a disorder.
trillion: A number representing a million millions – or 1,000,000,000,000 – of something.
unit: (in measures) A unit of measure is a standard way of expressing a physical quantity. Units of measure provide a context for what numeric values represent and thus convey the magnitude of physical properties. Examples include inches, kilograms, ohms, gauss, decibels, kelvins, and nanoseconds.
virus: Tiny infectious particles made up of RNA or DNA surrounded by proteins. Viruses can only reproduce by injecting their genetic material into the cells of living things. Although scientists frequently refer to viruses as alive or dead, in fact no virus is really alive. It doesn’t eat like animals and make its own food like plants do. He must hijack the cellular machinery of a living cell to survive.
white blood cells: Blood cells that help the body fight infections.
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